Los bordes de la ciudadanía sanitaria en la política de prevención del contagio venéreo (Argentina, 1936-1955)

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06/2025
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Centro de Investigaciones Sociales
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Estudios Sociales del Estado
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2422-7803
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En este artículo nos proponemos analizar tres instrumentos de profilaxis venérea implementados en la Argentina a partir de la sanción de la Ley N°12 331 en 1936. Su puesta en práctica dio lugar a una ciudadanía sanitaria en la que estuvieron presentes un conjunto de inclusiones y exclusiones que delimitaron sus bordes. En primer lugar, se indagan la educación sexual y la instrucción profiláctica. Si bien ambas fueron pensadas para un destinatario universal, objeciones de tipo moral excluyeron de su puesta en práctica a niños y mujeres. En segundo lugar, se examina la abolición de la prostitución reglamentada, justificada por los diagnósticos de los especialistas, para quienes los burdeles patentados eran los responsables del incremento de las enfermedades venéreas y del tráfico de mujeres. Con esta medida se excluyó a las prostitutas de los controles sanitarios periódicos y se adjudicó a los varones que pagaban por tener sexo la responsabilidad de los cuidados profilácticos antes y después del coito. Por último, se explora la implementación del examen y del certificado prenupcial obligatorio para los varones, que suprimió ese requisito para las mujeres consideradas decentes por considerar que mancillaba su honor. En consecuencia, los varones fueron ungidos de la responsabilidad del cuidado sanitario de la población en su conjunto, integrándolos a una ciudadanía sanitaria de tipo androcéntrico.
In this article, we propose to analyze three venereal prophylaxis instruments implemented in Argentina since the enactment of Law 12 331 in 1936. Its implementation gave rise to a health citizenship in which a set of inclusions and exclusions were present that delimited its borders. In the first place, sex education and prophylactic instruction are investigated. Although both were intended for a universal addressee, moral objections excluded children and women from their implementation. Secondly, it examines the abolition of regulated prostitution, justified by the diagnoses of specialists for whom the patented brothels were responsible for the increase in venereal diseases and trafficking in women. This excluded prostitutes from regular health check-ups and gave men who paid for sex the responsibility for prophylactic care before and after copulation. Finally, it explores the implementation of the exam and the mandatory pre-nuptial certificate for men, which eliminated this requirement for women considered decent because they considered that it sullied their honor. As a result, men were anointed with the responsibility of health care for the population as a whole, integrating them into an androcentric health citizenship.
In this article, we propose to analyze three venereal prophylaxis instruments implemented in Argentina since the enactment of Law 12 331 in 1936. Its implementation gave rise to a health citizenship in which a set of inclusions and exclusions were present that delimited its borders. In the first place, sex education and prophylactic instruction are investigated. Although both were intended for a universal addressee, moral objections excluded children and women from their implementation. Secondly, it examines the abolition of regulated prostitution, justified by the diagnoses of specialists for whom the patented brothels were responsible for the increase in venereal diseases and trafficking in women. This excluded prostitutes from regular health check-ups and gave men who paid for sex the responsibility for prophylactic care before and after copulation. Finally, it explores the implementation of the exam and the mandatory pre-nuptial certificate for men, which eliminated this requirement for women considered decent because they considered that it sullied their honor. As a result, men were anointed with the responsibility of health care for the population as a whole, integrating them into an androcentric health citizenship.
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