Compostaje de bulbos de descarte de cebolla (Allium cepa L) en el Valle Inferior – Viedma
; Palacios, Julieta Romina Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2020
Editorial
Asociación Argentina de Horticultura
Revista
Horticultura Argentina
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1851-9342
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Español
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La gestión de residuos es un tema relevante al hablar de calidad y trazabilidad en la producción agropecuaria, por ello es vital considerar en la cadena de valor de los productos el reciclado y valorización de los deshechos que genera cada empresa en el Valle Inferior del Río Negro. El cultivo de cebolla cuenta con una superficie en producción de 2.000 ha. El acondicionamiento para la comercialización en los galpones de empaque genera enormes volúmenes de residuos que deben manejarse según normas exigidas en las Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura. El mayor porcentaje de residuos consisten en bulbos de descarte afectados por patógenos de origen fúngico. Estos deben ser sometidos a un proceso adecuado de transformación para no contaminar el medio ambiente. El objetivo fue estudiar el proceso de compostaje a través de la determinación de parámetros fisicoquímicos de seguimiento. Se armaron tres pilas a campo donde se mezclaron residuos de cebolla (bulbos de descarte) con estiércol bovino. El proceso alcanzó todas las etapas de degradación, con temperaturas termófilas que superaron los 60°C, lo que aseguró la higienización del compostaje y con la disminución gradual de la misma a los 100 días llegó a la etapa de madurez. El pH osciló entre 7,9 y 8,2 y la Conductividad Eléctrica entre 0,35 y 0,5 dS.m-1, siendo valores adecuados para este proceso. Los resultados mostraron una relación C: N con valores inferiores a 10, indicando un producto final estable y maduro.
Waste management is a relevant topic when talking about quality and traceability in agricultural production, therefore it is vital to consider recycling and recovery of waste generated by each company in the Lower Valley of the Río Negro in the value chain of products. Onion cultivation has a production area of 2,000 ha. Conditioning for commercialization in the packaging sheds generates enormous volumes of waste that must be managed according to the standards required in Good Manufacturing Practices. The highest percentage of waste consists of waste bulbs affected by pathogens of fungal origin. These must be subjected to an adequate transformation process so as not to contaminate the environment. The objective was to study the composting process through the determination of monitoring physicochemical parameters. Three piles were assembled in the field where onion residues (discard bulbs) were mixed with bovine manure. The process reached all stages of degradation, with thermophilic temperatures exceeding 60° C, which ensured that the composting was sanitized and, with its gradual decrease after 100 days, reached the stage of maturity. The pH ranged between 7.9 and 8.2 and the Electrical Conductivity between 0.35 and 0.5 dS.m-1 , being adequate values for this process. The results showed a C: N ratio with values less than 10, indicating a stable and mature final product.
Waste management is a relevant topic when talking about quality and traceability in agricultural production, therefore it is vital to consider recycling and recovery of waste generated by each company in the Lower Valley of the Río Negro in the value chain of products. Onion cultivation has a production area of 2,000 ha. Conditioning for commercialization in the packaging sheds generates enormous volumes of waste that must be managed according to the standards required in Good Manufacturing Practices. The highest percentage of waste consists of waste bulbs affected by pathogens of fungal origin. These must be subjected to an adequate transformation process so as not to contaminate the environment. The objective was to study the composting process through the determination of monitoring physicochemical parameters. Three piles were assembled in the field where onion residues (discard bulbs) were mixed with bovine manure. The process reached all stages of degradation, with thermophilic temperatures exceeding 60° C, which ensured that the composting was sanitized and, with its gradual decrease after 100 days, reached the stage of maturity. The pH ranged between 7.9 and 8.2 and the Electrical Conductivity between 0.35 and 0.5 dS.m-1 , being adequate values for this process. The results showed a C: N ratio with values less than 10, indicating a stable and mature final product.
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