Potencial metanogénico y eficiencia de digestión de forrajeras megatérmicas utilizadas en la alimentación de rumiantes

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2017-08-23
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El propósito general de este trabajo fue contribuir al conocimiento sobre el potencial metanogénico y el valor nutricional de varias forrajeras tropicales (i.e. metabolismo fotosintético C4). Se analizaron Milium coloratum; Chloris gayana; Paspalum dilatatum; Urochloa brizanta; Cenchrus ciliaris y Megathyrsus maximus, además de Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) y Raigrás (Lolium perenne), evaluando las características nutricionales y el rol de los compuestos solubles (CS), las características de la pared celular (PC) y la presencia de compuestos secundarios (i.e. taninos condensados, TC) sobre la eficiencia de digestión y los productos de la fermentación (gases, ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV) y biomasa microbiana, BM). Se utilizó la técnica de producción de gas in vitro (PG), y se hipotetizó que una pre-incubación del licor ruminal generaría un inóculo más homogéneo, conjetura que resultó refutada. Aún teniendo perfiles químicos similares, se encontró un comportamiento heterogéneo en la eficiencia de digestión y potencial metanogénico de las forrajeras C4, dependiente tanto de caraterísticas de los CS como de las PC. Al eliminar los CS de P. dilatatum, aumentó la digestibilidad y disminuyó la PG (con el consecuente aumento de BM), lo cual indica que algún CS (o el mismo lavado) afectó la fermentación sólo en este forraje. Asimismo, el secado de los sustratos previo a la incubación in vitro alteró la fermentación en forma diferencial. La adición de extractos de TC indujo diferencias en los perfiles fermentativos en las forrajeras, por lo cual se recomienda una mejor caracterización de los TC para estudios futuros. A su vez, el análisis estequiométrico de los procesos bioquímicos del rumen demostró que la relación entre los AGV y la PG dependería de las diferencias asociadas al sustrato, sugiriendo la necesidad de profundizar su estudio.
The overall purpose of this work was to contribute to the studies about methanogenic capacity and the nutritional value of various tropical forages (i.e. C4 pathway of photosyntesis); Milium coloratum; Chloris gayana; Paspalum dilatatum; Urochloa brizanta; Cenchrus ciliaris and Megathyrsus máximus, in addition to Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) were analized. Their nutritional characteristics and the role performed by the soluble components (SC), the cell wall (CW) characteristics and the presence of secondary compounds (i.e. condensed tannins, CT) on the efficiency of digestion and the fermentation products (gases, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and microbial biomass, MB) were analized. The in vitro gas production (GP) technique was used, and it was hypothesized that a pre-incubation of the rumen fluid would generate a more homogeneous inoculum, conjecture that was rejected. Even with similar chemical profiles, a heterogeneous behaviour was found in the efficiency of digestion and methanogenic capacity of C4 forages, depending on both the characteristics of SC and on the CW. By eliminating SC of P. dilatatum, digestibility increased and GP decreased (with the consequent increase in MB), indicating that a SC (or the same wash) affected fermentation only in this forage. Moreover, the drying of substrates prior to in vitro incubation modified fermentation differentially. The addition of extracts of CT induced differences in forage fermentation profiles, therefore a better characterization of the CT is recommended for future studies. In turn, the stoichiometric analysis of biochemical processes in the rumen showed that the relationship between the VFA and GP depend on the differences associated to the substrate, suggesting the need for further study.
The overall purpose of this work was to contribute to the studies about methanogenic capacity and the nutritional value of various tropical forages (i.e. C4 pathway of photosyntesis); Milium coloratum; Chloris gayana; Paspalum dilatatum; Urochloa brizanta; Cenchrus ciliaris and Megathyrsus máximus, in addition to Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) were analized. Their nutritional characteristics and the role performed by the soluble components (SC), the cell wall (CW) characteristics and the presence of secondary compounds (i.e. condensed tannins, CT) on the efficiency of digestion and the fermentation products (gases, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and microbial biomass, MB) were analized. The in vitro gas production (GP) technique was used, and it was hypothesized that a pre-incubation of the rumen fluid would generate a more homogeneous inoculum, conjecture that was rejected. Even with similar chemical profiles, a heterogeneous behaviour was found in the efficiency of digestion and methanogenic capacity of C4 forages, depending on both the characteristics of SC and on the CW. By eliminating SC of P. dilatatum, digestibility increased and GP decreased (with the consequent increase in MB), indicating that a SC (or the same wash) affected fermentation only in this forage. Moreover, the drying of substrates prior to in vitro incubation modified fermentation differentially. The addition of extracts of CT induced differences in forage fermentation profiles, therefore a better characterization of the CT is recommended for future studies. In turn, the stoichiometric analysis of biochemical processes in the rumen showed that the relationship between the VFA and GP depend on the differences associated to the substrate, suggesting the need for further study.
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