Aspectos psicosociales, nutricionales, aptitud y actividad física en seis centros de jubilados de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires
; Guajardo, Laura Viviana ; Aceiro, María Agustina
; Aschiero, María Belén
; Kovalskys, Irina Otros responsables
Fecha
06/2021
Editorial
Ministerio de Salud de la Nación. Dirección de Investigación en Salud
Revista
Revista Argentina de Salud Pública
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1853-810X
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Español
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INTRODUCCIÓN: El estado nutricional, la actividad física (AF) y las variables psicosociales plantean nuevos desafíos en los adultos mayores (AM). El objetivo fue explorar y describir aspectos psicosociales, nutricionales, aptitud y AF en AM que asisten a centros de jubilados de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA). MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio exploratorio, observacional, transversal y cuantitativo con una muestra no probabilística de AM de ambos sexos, auto-válidos, en seis comunas de CABA durante 2017-2018. Se evaluó edad, sexo, índice de nivel socioeconómico (NSE), valoración sociofamiliar, cuestionario de reserva cognitiva e índice de bienestar de Pemberton, estado nutricional por Mini Nutritional Assessment, antropometría por índice de masa corporal, aptitud física por fuerza muscular y funcionalidad, gasto energético y nivel de AF por acelerometría. RESULTADOS: En una muestra de 150 AM de 74±7 años, el 90% (n=135) eran mujeres. El 48% pertenecía a un NSE bajo. Hubo presencia de riesgo social en el 50%, bienestar en el 97,6% y reserva cognitiva satisfactoria en el 53,6%. El 53,7% presentó sobrepeso/ obesidad con predominio en cuartil 1, y hubo 10,2% con riesgo o malnutrición. La debilidad muscular prevaleció en el tercer y cuarto cuartil. De los 57 AM que usaron acelerómetro, la mayoría tenía AF sedentaria y bajo gasto energético. DISCUSIÓN: La muestra explorada mostró riesgo/ problema social, exceso de peso y sedentarismo
INTRODUCTION: The nutritional status, physical activity (PA) and psychosocial variables pose new challenges for the elderly. The objective was to describe and explore psychosocial and nutritional aspects along with physical fitness and activity level in elderly attending retirement centers in the city of Buenos Aires. METHODS: An exploratory, observational, cross-sectional and quantitative study was carried out. It included a non-probabilistic sample of male and female self-sufficient elderly in six Buenos Aires communes during 2017-2018. The study assessed age, sex, socio-economic level index, socio-family appraisal, cognitive reserve questionnaire and Pemberton happiness index, nutritional status by Mini Nutritional Assessment, anthropometry by body mass index, physical fitness by muscle strength and functionality, energy expenditure and PA level by accelerometry. RESULTS: In a sample of 150 elderly people aged 74±7 years, 90% (n=135) were women. There were 48% belonging to a low socio-economic level, with social risk indicators in 50%, well-being in 97.6%, and satisfactory cognitive reserve in 53.6%; 53.7% had overweight/obesity, predominantly in the quartile 1, and 10.2% had risk/malnutrition. Muscle weakness prevailed in quartiles 3 and 4. A majority of the 57 elderly who used the accelerometer had sedentary PA and low energy expenditure. DISCUSSION: The studied sample showed social risk/problem, excess weight and sedentary activity.
INTRODUCTION: The nutritional status, physical activity (PA) and psychosocial variables pose new challenges for the elderly. The objective was to describe and explore psychosocial and nutritional aspects along with physical fitness and activity level in elderly attending retirement centers in the city of Buenos Aires. METHODS: An exploratory, observational, cross-sectional and quantitative study was carried out. It included a non-probabilistic sample of male and female self-sufficient elderly in six Buenos Aires communes during 2017-2018. The study assessed age, sex, socio-economic level index, socio-family appraisal, cognitive reserve questionnaire and Pemberton happiness index, nutritional status by Mini Nutritional Assessment, anthropometry by body mass index, physical fitness by muscle strength and functionality, energy expenditure and PA level by accelerometry. RESULTS: In a sample of 150 elderly people aged 74±7 years, 90% (n=135) were women. There were 48% belonging to a low socio-economic level, with social risk indicators in 50%, well-being in 97.6%, and satisfactory cognitive reserve in 53.6%; 53.7% had overweight/obesity, predominantly in the quartile 1, and 10.2% had risk/malnutrition. Muscle weakness prevailed in quartiles 3 and 4. A majority of the 57 elderly who used the accelerometer had sedentary PA and low energy expenditure. DISCUSSION: The studied sample showed social risk/problem, excess weight and sedentary activity.
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