Acute nutritional muscular dystrophy and mortality associated with selenium deficiency in artificial rearing of dairy calves in Salta, Argentina
; Medina Vallejo, Diego Martín Nicolás
; Avellaneda Caceres, Agustin
; Aguirre Castro, Laura Sabrina
; Sandoval, Gabriela Virginia
; Micheloud, Juan Francisco 
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Fecha
08/2024
Editorial
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
Revista
Revista de Investigaciones Agropecuarias
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0325-8718
eISSN
1669-2314
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El selenio (Se) es un oligoelemento importante para que el ganado mantenga sus funciones inmunológicas adecuadamente y logre un correcto desempeño productivo. La deficiencia de este mineral está ampliamente distribuida en el noroeste de Argentina y suele estar asociada con sistemas de producción intensivos. Los animales jóvenes parecen ser más susceptibles debido a fallas en la regulación metabólica producidas por esta deficiencia. Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir un caso de distrofia muscular aguda asociada con la deficiencia de selenio en terneros de un establecimiento lechero ubicado en Salta, Argentina, entre marzo y mayo de 2022. Los niveles de selenio en la sangre total de los animales revelaron que el 66% de los terneros (68,31±10,52 ppb) y aproximadamente el 90% de las vacas (postparto = 71,24±10,04 ppb y preparto 97,68±36,35 ppb) presentaban valores de deficiencia severa. Los animales mostraban deshidratación, debilidad, postración, signos respiratorios o incluso muerte sin signos clínicos perceptibles. Macroscópicamente, se encontró una palidez difusa en los músculos de las extremidades posteriores y del miocardio en ciertos casos. Microscópicamente, se encontraron degeneración polifásica severa y necrosis de las fibras musculares, consistente con la distrofia muscular aguda.
Selenium (Se) is a trace element important for performance and immune functions in cattle. The deficiency of this mineral is widely distributed in northwestern Argentina and it is usually associated with intensive production systems. Calves seem more susceptible due to the metabolic regulation failures produced by this deficiency. This paper aims to describe a case of acute muscular dystrophy associated with Selenium deficiency in seven calves from a dairy farm in Salta, Argentina between March and May 2022. Selenium levels in the animals' whole blood revealed that 66% of the calves (68,31±10,52 ppb) and approximately 90% of the cows (post-partum=71,24±10,04 ppb, and pre-partum 97,68±36,35 ppb) presented severely deficient values. The animals showed dehydration, weakness, prostration, respiratory signs, and even death without perceptible clinical signs. Macroscopically, diffuse pallor was found in the muscles of the hind limbs and in the myocardium in certain cases. Microscopically, severe polyphasic degeneration and necrosis of the muscle fibers were found, consistent with acute muscular dystrophy. Keywords: nutritional muscular dystrophy, white muscle disease, perinatal mortality, deficiency disease, selenium.
Selenium (Se) is a trace element important for performance and immune functions in cattle. The deficiency of this mineral is widely distributed in northwestern Argentina and it is usually associated with intensive production systems. Calves seem more susceptible due to the metabolic regulation failures produced by this deficiency. This paper aims to describe a case of acute muscular dystrophy associated with Selenium deficiency in seven calves from a dairy farm in Salta, Argentina between March and May 2022. Selenium levels in the animals' whole blood revealed that 66% of the calves (68,31±10,52 ppb) and approximately 90% of the cows (post-partum=71,24±10,04 ppb, and pre-partum 97,68±36,35 ppb) presented severely deficient values. The animals showed dehydration, weakness, prostration, respiratory signs, and even death without perceptible clinical signs. Macroscopically, diffuse pallor was found in the muscles of the hind limbs and in the myocardium in certain cases. Microscopically, severe polyphasic degeneration and necrosis of the muscle fibers were found, consistent with acute muscular dystrophy. Keywords: nutritional muscular dystrophy, white muscle disease, perinatal mortality, deficiency disease, selenium.
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