Evaluación espacio-temporal de la deforestación en el noroeste de la provincia del Chaco (1986-2018): mediante el uso combinado de Sistemas de Información Geográfica y Procesamiento Digital de Imágenes
; Montes Galbán, Eloy José 
Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2020
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Luján
Revista
Geografía y Sistemas de Información Geográfica
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ISSN
1852-8031
eISSN
1852-8031
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Resumen
El territorio que comprende la provincia del Chaco ha experimentado un notorio avancede la frontera agropecuaria en las últimas décadas, proceso en el que se handesmantelado amplias extensiones de bosques nativos, en el noroeste los departamentosAlmirante Brown, General Güemes y Maipú comprenden una de las áreas másafectadas. En el presente estudio se analizó el proceso de deforestación en el noroeste dela provincia del Chaco, desde 1986 hasta 2018. Para alcanzar este objetivo se elaboraronmosaicos satelitales con imágenes Landsat 5 TM y Landsat 8 OLI, correspondiente a losvalores de reflectancia de superficie. Con la implementación de la plataforma GoogleEarth Engine se generaron áreas de entrenamiento mediante la creación de coleccionesde geometrías de tipo puntual (Features Collections) para luego realizar un proceso declasificación supervisada basada en árboles de decisión (CART-Clasification andRegression Tree). A través del Land Change Modeler (LCM) del software TerrSetversión 18.31 se calcularon las pérdidas y permanencias de la cobertura forestal para elperiodo de estudio. Los resultados permiten afirmar que para los tres departamentosevaluados en un periodo de 32 años la pérdida de cobertura forestal alcanzó las 539.321ha. El análisis y evaluación cuantitativa de los recursos naturales que contemple ladetección de cambios espacio-temporales es fundamental para la valoración, monitoreoy soporte en la toma de decisiones con fines de planificación y manejo ambiental.
The territory that comprises the province of Chaco has experienced a noticeable advance of the agricultural frontier in recent decades, a process in which vast extensions of native forests have been dismantled, in the northwest the departments Almirante Brown, General Güemes and Maipú comprise one of the most affected areas. In the present study, the deforestation process in the northwest of the Chaco province was analyzed, from 1986 to 2018. To achieve this objective, satellite mosaics were elaborated with Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI images, corresponding to the surface reflectance values . With the implementation of the Google Earth Engine platform, training areas were generated by creating collections of point-type geometries (Features Collections) to later carry out a supervised classification process based on decision trees (CART-Classification and Regression Tree). Through the Land Change Modeler (LCM) of the TerrSet software version 18.31, the losses and permanence of the forest cover were calculated for the study period. The results allow to affirm that for the three departments evaluated in a period of 32 years the loss of forest cover reached 539,321 ha. The quantitative analysis and evaluation of natural resources that includes the detection of spatio-temporal changes is essential for the assessment, monitoring and support in decision-making for planning and environmental management purposes.
The territory that comprises the province of Chaco has experienced a noticeable advance of the agricultural frontier in recent decades, a process in which vast extensions of native forests have been dismantled, in the northwest the departments Almirante Brown, General Güemes and Maipú comprise one of the most affected areas. In the present study, the deforestation process in the northwest of the Chaco province was analyzed, from 1986 to 2018. To achieve this objective, satellite mosaics were elaborated with Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI images, corresponding to the surface reflectance values . With the implementation of the Google Earth Engine platform, training areas were generated by creating collections of point-type geometries (Features Collections) to later carry out a supervised classification process based on decision trees (CART-Classification and Regression Tree). Through the Land Change Modeler (LCM) of the TerrSet software version 18.31, the losses and permanence of the forest cover were calculated for the study period. The results allow to affirm that for the three departments evaluated in a period of 32 years the loss of forest cover reached 539,321 ha. The quantitative analysis and evaluation of natural resources that includes the detection of spatio-temporal changes is essential for the assessment, monitoring and support in decision-making for planning and environmental management purposes.
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