Proximate composition and free radical scavenging activity of edible fruits from the Argentinian Yungas

Abstract

The proximate composition and free radical scavenging effect of native food plants gathered in the Argentinian Yungas have been assessed. Some 25 samples were collected for proximate analysis and free radical scavenging effect of their MeOH‐soluble extracts. Total acidity, phenolics and solid content of 16 preserves prepared from native fruits have been determined. The samples belong to 13 different species corresponding to eight plant families, mainly Myrtaceae, Solanaceae and Ulmaceae. The highest organic acid contents (as citric acid) were found in the preserves of Psidium guineense and Cyphomandra betaceae with the lowest in Sideroxylon obtusifolium and Myrciantes pungens. Total phenolics in the preserves ranged from 0.34 g kg−1 DM in Rhipsalis flocosa to 7.30 g kg−1 DM in Celtis iguanae. The MeOH‐solubles of the fruits/petioles as well as the preserves were assessed for inhibition of the enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO), decoloration of the free radical 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) and scavenging of the superoxide anion. The highest effect of the solubles towards the DPPH assay was observed for M pungens and Rubus imperialis before processing. None of the samples was effective as a XO inhibitor or superoxide anion scavenger. The best protein sources in our study were the fruits of Carica quercifolia, Celtis iguanae and Sambucus nigra.