Impactos de la Segunda Guerra Mundial en la cultura política y la sociedad argentina: El caso de la agrupación FORJA ante el Golpe de 1943

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Fecha
01/2024
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Centro de Estudios de la Guerra
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Revista Universitaria de Historia Militar
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2254-6111
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El impacto de la Segunda Guerra Mundial en el escenario político y cultural de la Argentina fue trascendental en los años cuarenta, ya que condujo el destino institucional del país, y modeló las estrategias seguidas en política internacional por el Poder Ejecutivo, logrando permear las importantes elecciones de 1946 que llevaron a Juan Domingo Perón hacia la presidencia. En este trabajo proponemos un acercamiento a las posturas políticas e intelectuales de la Argentina en los primeros años de la década de 1940, especialmente las que defendió la agrupación FORJA sobre el gobierno formado con posterioridad al golpe militar del 4 de junio de 1943. Analizaremos sus posiciones respecto a los diferentes grupos políticos -sobre todo en relación a los distintos sectores del nacionalismo-, así como también sus propuestas para influir en las decisiones gubernamentales. También consideraremos los choques producidos entre las agrupaciones cercanas a los Aliados y los sectores nacionalistas, ya que nos permitirán adentrarnos en las ideas que circulaban entre los intelectuales argentinos en el contexto de la contienda bélica. Para ello haremos un abordaje desde los conceptos utilizados por la historia intelectual de la guerra, un enfoque que analiza la recepción, interpretación y circulación de ideas entre los intelectuales en un contexto bélico. Como observaremos a continuación, el panorama político se complejizó como consecuencia de la guerra, reubicando a distintos intelectuales en diferentes espacios partidarios. Para la investigación utilizaremos algunos periódicos forjistas, ubicados en el Archivo Darío Alessandro de la Biblioteca Nacional Mariano Moreno, en los que quedaron plasmadas sus ideas respecto al conflicto bélico y las disposiciones que implantó el gobierno. Además emplearemos distintas obras literarias del autor nacionalista Manuel Gálvez sobre la época, buscando exponer el apoyo brindado por FORJA al gobierno de la época y el tibio recibimiento que los militares dieron a las iniciativas de la agrupación.
The impact of the Second World War on the political and cultural scene in Argentina was transcendental in the 1940s, as it shaped the institutional destiny of the country and the strategies followed in international politics by the Executive Power, and permeated the important elections of 1946 that brought Juan Domingo Perón to the presidency. In this paper we propose an approach to the political and intellectual positions of Argentina in the early 1940s, especially those defended by the FORJA group on the government formed after the military coup of 4 June 1943. We will analyze their positions with respect to the different political groups - especially in relation to the different sectors of nationalism - as well as their proposals for influencing government decisions. We will also consider the clashes between the groups close to the Allies and the nationalist sectors, as they will allow us to delve into the ideas that circulated among Argentine intellectuals in the context of the war. In order to do so, we will use the concepts used in the intellectual history of the war, an approach that analyses the reception, interpretation and circulation of ideas among intellectuals in a war context. As we shall see below, the political panorama became more complex as a result of the war, relocating different intellectuals to different party spaces. For our research we will use some forjista newspapers, located in the Darío Alessandro Archive of the Mariano Moreno National Library, in which their ideas about the war and the provisions implemented by the government are reflected. We will also use various literary works of the nationalist author Manuel Gálvez about the period, seeking to expose the support given by FORJA to the government of the time and the lukewarm reception given by the military to the group's initiatives.
The impact of the Second World War on the political and cultural scene in Argentina was transcendental in the 1940s, as it shaped the institutional destiny of the country and the strategies followed in international politics by the Executive Power, and permeated the important elections of 1946 that brought Juan Domingo Perón to the presidency. In this paper we propose an approach to the political and intellectual positions of Argentina in the early 1940s, especially those defended by the FORJA group on the government formed after the military coup of 4 June 1943. We will analyze their positions with respect to the different political groups - especially in relation to the different sectors of nationalism - as well as their proposals for influencing government decisions. We will also consider the clashes between the groups close to the Allies and the nationalist sectors, as they will allow us to delve into the ideas that circulated among Argentine intellectuals in the context of the war. In order to do so, we will use the concepts used in the intellectual history of the war, an approach that analyses the reception, interpretation and circulation of ideas among intellectuals in a war context. As we shall see below, the political panorama became more complex as a result of the war, relocating different intellectuals to different party spaces. For our research we will use some forjista newspapers, located in the Darío Alessandro Archive of the Mariano Moreno National Library, in which their ideas about the war and the provisions implemented by the government are reflected. We will also use various literary works of the nationalist author Manuel Gálvez about the period, seeking to expose the support given by FORJA to the government of the time and the lukewarm reception given by the military to the group's initiatives.
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