Ferroviarios y zapleros en Jujuy: De la seguridad social a la inestabilidad laboral

Abstract

El presente trabajo propone un recorrido analítico y comparativo conducente a identificar e interpretar cómo las transformaciones de FA y AHZ a principios de la década de 1990 afectaron las condiciones de trabajo de sus hasta entonces empleados, tanto en el aspecto material como en el simbólico/identitario. Para ello, en un primer momento, se reconstruye brevemente la historia de ambas empresas haciendo foco en el empleo y en las condiciones laborales antes y durante los procesos de privatización o desmantelamiento, según el caso. Luego se analizan las condiciones laborales de los ahora ex empleados y se intenta identificar sus nuevas inserciones ocupacionales y las características de las mismas.This article proposes an analytical and comparative route aimed at identifying and interpreting how changes in Argentine Railways and in Altos Hornos Zapla at the beginning of the nineties affected working conditions of their former employees, in material as well as symbolic/identity aspects. First, the history of both enterprises is recovered, focusing in employment and labour conditions before and during the privatization and dismantling processes, as it is the case. Then, present labour conditions of former employees are analysed, trying to identify their new jobs and their characteristics. To conclude, differences and similarities between both cases are discussed. In their present situation, labour unions (in the case of railways) and the enterprise itself (in the case of Altos Hornos Zapla) have played different roles, giving birth to distinctive abilities to react and face the disappearance of this population´s work source. Among the conclusions we point to the fact that the majority of railway and Altos Hornos Zapla former employees have not been able to obtain a job with similar advantages as the one they have lost, generating consequences not only in material aspects (for their and theirs family subsistence) but also in the building and appreciation of their social and labour identities.