Estudio del Protooncogen Ret en neoplasia endócrina múltiple 2a y en carcinoma medular de tiroides familiar: Hallazgos clínico-patológicos en portadores asintomáticos.
; Solano, Angela Rosario 
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Fecha
03/2003
Editorial
Medicina (Buenos Aires)
Revista
Medicina (Buenos Aires)
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ISSN
0025-7680
eISSN
1669-9106
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El 25% de los carcinomas medulares de tiroides son hereditarios. Se presentan en forma de familiar (CMTF 5%) o como neoplasia endocrina múltiple (MEN) tipo 2A (17%) o 2B (3%), y comparten la herencia, autosómica dominante, de una mutación germinal en el protooncogen RET en uno de 12 codones conocidos. Estudiamos 7 familias (5 CMTF y 2 MEN 2A) con el objeto de detectar la mutación familiar e identificar a los portadores asintomáticos. Seis de las siete mutaciones (4 CMTF y 2 MEN 2A) fueron en el codón más frecuente, el 634, y una familia con CMTF presentó una mutación germinal novel: una transición T>C en el codón 630, resultando el cambio C630A. De los 57 individuos estudiados, 25 (43.85 %) fueron portadores de la mutación, 7 de éstos (28%) eran portadores asintomáticos de los cuales 5 eran niños, con una edad X–=11±3.2 años y fueron tiroidectomizados. Presentaron hiperplasia de células C y focos de microcarcinoma en ambos lóbulos tiroideos aun cuando la calcitonina basal o estimulada con pentagastrina fueron normales. En conclusión, describimos una mutación germinal novel en el protooncogen RET: C630A y el hallazgo de enfermedad de la célula C en los portadores asintomáticos, que enfatiza la importancia de la tiroidectomía profiláctica tan pronto como se confirma el diagnóstico molecular.
Twenty five percent of the medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is hereditary and 5% is familiar (FMTC), or considered as multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A (17%) or 2B (3%). These diseases are the result of the autosomic dominant inheritance of a mutation in the RET protooncogene, in one out of 12 different known codons. We analyzed 7 families (2 MEN 2A and 5 FMTC). Six mutations were detected in the most frequent codon, 634 (2 MEN 2A y 4 FMTC) and one family with FMTC presented a novel mutation: a transition T>C at codon 630, resulting a C630A change. Among 57 individuals studied, 25 (43.85%) presented the mutation. Seven (28%) were asymptomatic carriers, including 5 children aged 11±3.2 years. The children underwent total thyroidectomy. The histopathologic examination showed C cells hyperplasia and microcarcinoma focus in both lobes, even in the presence of normal, basal or pentagastrine stimulated, calcitonine levels. In conclusion, we describe a germline novel mutation in the RET protooncogene: C630A; and the corresponding findings of C-cell disease in gene mutated carriers that emphasize the importance of prophylactic thyroidectomy as soon as the molecular diagnosis is confirmed.
Twenty five percent of the medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is hereditary and 5% is familiar (FMTC), or considered as multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A (17%) or 2B (3%). These diseases are the result of the autosomic dominant inheritance of a mutation in the RET protooncogene, in one out of 12 different known codons. We analyzed 7 families (2 MEN 2A and 5 FMTC). Six mutations were detected in the most frequent codon, 634 (2 MEN 2A y 4 FMTC) and one family with FMTC presented a novel mutation: a transition T>C at codon 630, resulting a C630A change. Among 57 individuals studied, 25 (43.85%) presented the mutation. Seven (28%) were asymptomatic carriers, including 5 children aged 11±3.2 years. The children underwent total thyroidectomy. The histopathologic examination showed C cells hyperplasia and microcarcinoma focus in both lobes, even in the presence of normal, basal or pentagastrine stimulated, calcitonine levels. In conclusion, we describe a germline novel mutation in the RET protooncogene: C630A; and the corresponding findings of C-cell disease in gene mutated carriers that emphasize the importance of prophylactic thyroidectomy as soon as the molecular diagnosis is confirmed.
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