Propiedades físico-mecánicas de la madera de Eucalyptus globulus (Argentina) y su vinculación con la calidad de sitio y edad de plantación
; Monteoliva, Silvia Estela
; Spavento, Eleana María Otros responsables
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12/2024
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Universidad Austral de Chile. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales
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0717-9200
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El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar las propiedades físico- mecánicas de la madera de Eucalyptus globulus proveniente de Buenos Aires (Argentina), y relacionarlas con la calidad de sitio y la edad de plantación. Se muestrearon 23 árboles de 10 a 15 años, con índices de sitio de 20,9 m a 34,4 m de altura, que fueron aserrados para obtener probetas. Se determinaron propiedades físicas -densidad, porcentaje de duramen en relación al área de la sección y cambios dimensionales- y mecánicas -flexión estática, dureza y resistencia a la penetración-. Los resultados mostraron que, independientemente del sitio o edad, la madera presentó una densidad media de 699 ± 57 kg m- ³, un porcentaje de duramen de 54 ± 8 %, un coeficiente de anisotropía de 1,6 ± 0,2, módulo de elasticidad de 10.934 ± 3.034 MPa, módulo de ruptura de 100,07 ± 16,97 MPa y dureza Brinell de 2,7 ± 0,7 kN mm-2. Esto sugiere que la madera es apta para productos aserrados, tanto para usos sólidos como reconstituidos. Los índices de sitios superiores produjeron madera con mayor estabilidad dimensional, asociada a menores coeficientes de anisotropía, sin estar asociados a cambios en la densidad, proporción de duramen y propiedades mecánicas. La edad de plantación solo influyó en la proporción de duramen; árboles de mayor edad registraron mayor proporción de duramen. Las propiedades físico-mecánica no se correlacionaron con parámetros de crecimiento. Se observó una correlación alta entre la resistencia a la penetración respecto a densidad y dureza, y entre la densidad y módulo de elasticidad.
The aim of this work was to study the physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus globulus wood from Buenos Aires (Argentina)and relate them to the site quality and planting age. 23 trees from 10 to 15 years old and with site index from 20.9 m to 34.4 m in heightwere sampled, which were sawn to obtain specimens. Physical properties (density, percentage of heartwood in relation to the area ofthe section, dimensional changes) and mechanical properties (static bending, hardness, and penetration resistance) were determined.The results showed that, regardless of the site or age, the wood had an average density of 699 ± 57 kg m-³, a heartwood percentage of54 ± 8 %, an anisotropy coefficient of 1.6 ± 0.2, and elastic modulus of 10,934 ± 3,034 MPa, modulus of rupture of 100.07 ± 16.97MPa and Brinell hardness of 2.7 ± 0.7 kN mm-². These values suggest that wood is suitable for good-quality sawn products, both forsolid and reconstituted uses. The indices from higher sites produced wood with greater dimensional stability associated with loweranisotropy coefficients, without being associated with changes in density, heartwood content, and mechanical properties. Planting ageonly influenced heartwood content; older trees recorded higher heartwood content. The evaluated physical-mechanical properties werenot correlated with growth parameters. A high correlation was observed between the penetration resistance with respect to the densityand hardness and between the density and modulus of elasticity.
The aim of this work was to study the physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus globulus wood from Buenos Aires (Argentina)and relate them to the site quality and planting age. 23 trees from 10 to 15 years old and with site index from 20.9 m to 34.4 m in heightwere sampled, which were sawn to obtain specimens. Physical properties (density, percentage of heartwood in relation to the area ofthe section, dimensional changes) and mechanical properties (static bending, hardness, and penetration resistance) were determined.The results showed that, regardless of the site or age, the wood had an average density of 699 ± 57 kg m-³, a heartwood percentage of54 ± 8 %, an anisotropy coefficient of 1.6 ± 0.2, and elastic modulus of 10,934 ± 3,034 MPa, modulus of rupture of 100.07 ± 16.97MPa and Brinell hardness of 2.7 ± 0.7 kN mm-². These values suggest that wood is suitable for good-quality sawn products, both forsolid and reconstituted uses. The indices from higher sites produced wood with greater dimensional stability associated with loweranisotropy coefficients, without being associated with changes in density, heartwood content, and mechanical properties. Planting ageonly influenced heartwood content; older trees recorded higher heartwood content. The evaluated physical-mechanical properties werenot correlated with growth parameters. A high correlation was observed between the penetration resistance with respect to the densityand hardness and between the density and modulus of elasticity.
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