Fugas, rebeliones y cabildos: Los pueblos de indios de Chiquitos frente al reformismo borbónico

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01/2024
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Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia
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Fronteras de la Historia
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2539-4711
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La expulsión de los jesuitas y su reemplazo por un régimen de gobierno mixto, laico y eclesiástico, es la principal transformación que introdujo el reformismo borbónico en Chiquitos (actual Oriente boliviano). Este trabajo repasa los cambios que tuvieron lugar en ese contexto y se enfoca especialmente en las reacciones que despertaron entre los indígenas reducidos en las misiones: fugas, rebeliones y peticiones de cabildos indígenas. Luego de una breve caracterización del orden jesuítico y de las reformas del gobierno post-jesuítico, se describen y analizan las acciones con las que los indígenas respondieron a los cambios en la administración de la provincia y a los efectos de estos en su vida cotidiana. A propósito de la institución capitular, al final del artículo se presenta una propuesta de análisis comparativo en relación con la cristalización de figuras de poder nativas, hasta entonces sin precedentes en la región.
The expulsion of the Jesuits and their replacement by a mixed secular and ecclesiastical government regime was the main transformation introduced by the Bourbon reforms in Chiquitos (current Eastern Bolivia). This paper reviews the changes that took place in that context and focuses especially on the reactions they sparked among the indigenous people reduced in the missions: escapes, rebellions, and requests from indigenous councils. After a brief characterization of the Jesuit order and the reforms of the post-Jesuit government, the actions with which the indigenous people responded to the changes in the administration of the province and the effects of these on their daily lives are described and analyzed. Regarding the chapter institution, at the end of the article, a proposal for comparative analysis is presented in relation to the crystallization of native power figures, unprecedented in the region until then.
The expulsion of the Jesuits and their replacement by a mixed secular and ecclesiastical government regime was the main transformation introduced by the Bourbon reforms in Chiquitos (current Eastern Bolivia). This paper reviews the changes that took place in that context and focuses especially on the reactions they sparked among the indigenous people reduced in the missions: escapes, rebellions, and requests from indigenous councils. After a brief characterization of the Jesuit order and the reforms of the post-Jesuit government, the actions with which the indigenous people responded to the changes in the administration of the province and the effects of these on their daily lives are described and analyzed. Regarding the chapter institution, at the end of the article, a proposal for comparative analysis is presented in relation to the crystallization of native power figures, unprecedented in the region until then.
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