La economía moral de la venganza: un análisis de los usos inesperados de la política penal contra la trata de personas
; Martynowskyj, Estefania 
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Fecha
12/2024
Editorial
Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
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Delito y Sociedad
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0328-0101
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Español
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Resumen
En nuestra experiencia de investigación con expedientes judiciales por el delito de trata de personas con fines de explotación sexual, hemos identificado un mecanismo recurrente mediante el cual personas que participan del mercado sexual, apropiándose de los dispositivos antitrata, realizan denuncias en sede policial o judicial para procesar conflictos interpersonales o disputas por las condiciones de trabajo y el incumplimiento del arreglo laboral. Algunas de estas denuncias evidencian situaciones de abuso de poder, violencias, conflictos y rivalidades en el marco de arreglos laborales y relaciones que funcionan en un marco de ilegalismos, y que no disponen ?ya sea por los modos de vida de los/las involucrados/as o del asunto controvertido? de un mecanismo institucionalizado para su resolución. Otras dan cuenta de intencionalidades más precisas por parte de actores que buscan venganza frente a hechos que consideran agraviantes o injustos. En este trabajo analizamos tres causas judiciales por trata de personas que tramitaron en distintas jurisdicciones del país, las cuales nos permiten explorar desde una perspectiva antropológica, por un lado, la lógica que subyace a estos conflictos y venganzas desde el punto de vista de los/as actores, y por el otro, los efectos de su traducción en términos de la lengua legal. Así una «escucha» antropológica de los expedientes permite una lectura contextualizada de los relatos de las muchas veces consideradas «víctimas» por el dispositivo judicial, brindando una alternativa a la dicotomía «víctima» o «trabajadora» como identidades esencializadas.
In our research experience with judicial files for crimes of trafficking in persons for the purposes of sexual exploitation, we have identified a recurring mechanism by which people who participate in the sexual commerce , appropriating anti-trafficking policies, make complaints to the police or judicial headquarters. to process interpersonal conflicts or disputes over the conditions of the employment arrangement. Some of these complaints show situations of abuse of power, violence, conflicts and rivalries within the framework of work arrangements and relationships that operate within a framework of illegality, and that do not have —either due to the lifestyles of those involved or the controversial issue— of an institutionalized mechanism for its resolution. Others report more precise intentions on the part of actors who seek revenge against events that they consider offensive or unfair. In this work we analyze three judicial cases for human trafficking that were processed in different jurisdictions of the country, which allow us to explore from an anthropological perspective, on the one hand, the logic that underlies these conflicts and revenge from the point of view of the the actors, and on the other, the effects of their translation in terms of the legal language. Thus, an anthropological «listening» of the files allows a contextualized reading of the narratives of those often considered «victims» by the judicial system, providing an alternative to the dichotomy «victim» or «worker» as essentialized identities.
In our research experience with judicial files for crimes of trafficking in persons for the purposes of sexual exploitation, we have identified a recurring mechanism by which people who participate in the sexual commerce , appropriating anti-trafficking policies, make complaints to the police or judicial headquarters. to process interpersonal conflicts or disputes over the conditions of the employment arrangement. Some of these complaints show situations of abuse of power, violence, conflicts and rivalries within the framework of work arrangements and relationships that operate within a framework of illegality, and that do not have —either due to the lifestyles of those involved or the controversial issue— of an institutionalized mechanism for its resolution. Others report more precise intentions on the part of actors who seek revenge against events that they consider offensive or unfair. In this work we analyze three judicial cases for human trafficking that were processed in different jurisdictions of the country, which allow us to explore from an anthropological perspective, on the one hand, the logic that underlies these conflicts and revenge from the point of view of the the actors, and on the other, the effects of their translation in terms of the legal language. Thus, an anthropological «listening» of the files allows a contextualized reading of the narratives of those often considered «victims» by the judicial system, providing an alternative to the dichotomy «victim» or «worker» as essentialized identities.
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