Florentino Ameghino, la Exposición Internacional del Centenario y los “monos antropomorfos” de Hagenbeck y Umlauff
; Lucero, Sergio
; Agnolin, Federico
; Martinelli, Agustín Guillermo 
Otros responsables
Fecha
06/2025
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de La Plata
Revista
Revista Argentina de Antropología Biológica
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ISSN
1514-7991
eISSN
1853-6387
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Español
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Resumen
Este estudio analiza la adquisición, por parte de Florentino Ameghino, director del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (MACN) entre 1902 y 1911, de una colección de esqueletos de “monos antropomorfos” (actualmente denominados primates antropoides) comprada en 1910 al empresario alemán Carl Hagenbeck. La colección fue presentada en la “Exposición Internacional del Centenario”, celebrada en Buenos Aires, e incluía taxidermias y esqueletos de gorilas, chimpancés, orangutanes y gibones, preparados en el taller J. F. G. Umlauff de Hamburgo. Hagenbeck, conocido por sus espectáculos con animales exóticos y pueblos indígenas, participó en las festividades a través de su hijo, quien organizó diversas exhibiciones en la ciudad. Ameghino adquirió estos especímenes con el objetivo de enriquecer las colecciones del MACN y aprovechar su valor científico, especialmente en relación con sus investigaciones sobre la evolución humana. Tras su fallecimiento en 1911, su hermano Carlos facilitó el acceso a esta colección al antropólogo José Imbelloni, quien desde 1910 había establecido un estrecho vínculo académico con las teorías de Ameghino, convirtiéndose en un activo promotor de algunas de sus ideas. Aunque Imbelloni publicó ciertos estudios sobre los materiales, una obra extensa basada en estos esqueletos nunca llegó a publicarse. Esta adquisición se vincula con el contexto colonialista de la Exposición del Centenario y con las formas en que la ciencia argentina se integró en dinámicas coloniales globales, legitimando narrativas de superioridad racial y progreso técnico. El trabajo aquí presentado ilustra cómo las colecciones no solo tienen valor científico, sino que también reflejan los valores, tensiones sociales y enfoques científicos de la época en que fueron conformadas.
This study analyzes the acquisition, by Florentino Ameghino, director of the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (MACN) between 1902 and 1911, of a collection of “anthropomorphic monkeys” (currently referred to as anthropoid primates) skeletons purchased in 1910 from the German entrepreneur Carl Hagenbeck. The collection was originally exhibited at the International Centennial Exhibition in Buenos Aires and included taxidermied specimens and skeletons of gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans, and gibbons, all prepared at the J. F. G. Umlauff workshop in Hamburg. Hagenbeck, well-known for his exhibitions featuring exotic animals and Indigenous peoples, participated in the celebrations through his son, who organized various shows in the city. Ameghino acquired these specimens to further expand the MACN collections and promote their use in scientific research, particularly studies of human evolution. After his death in 1911, his brother Carlos facilitated access to this collection for anthropologist José Imbelloni. Since 1910, Imbelloni had established a close academic connection with Ameghino’s theories and became an active proponent of some of his ideas. Although Imbelloni published certain studies based on the materials, a comprehensive work centered on these skeletons was never completed. This acquisition is closely linked to the colonialist context of the Centennial Exhibition and to the ways in which Argentine science became embedded in global colonial dynamics, legitimizing narratives of racial superiority and technological progress. The work presented here illustrates how collections are not only of scientific v alue b ut a lso r eflect th e values, social tensions, and scientific approaches of the periods in which they were formed.
This study analyzes the acquisition, by Florentino Ameghino, director of the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (MACN) between 1902 and 1911, of a collection of “anthropomorphic monkeys” (currently referred to as anthropoid primates) skeletons purchased in 1910 from the German entrepreneur Carl Hagenbeck. The collection was originally exhibited at the International Centennial Exhibition in Buenos Aires and included taxidermied specimens and skeletons of gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans, and gibbons, all prepared at the J. F. G. Umlauff workshop in Hamburg. Hagenbeck, well-known for his exhibitions featuring exotic animals and Indigenous peoples, participated in the celebrations through his son, who organized various shows in the city. Ameghino acquired these specimens to further expand the MACN collections and promote their use in scientific research, particularly studies of human evolution. After his death in 1911, his brother Carlos facilitated access to this collection for anthropologist José Imbelloni. Since 1910, Imbelloni had established a close academic connection with Ameghino’s theories and became an active proponent of some of his ideas. Although Imbelloni published certain studies based on the materials, a comprehensive work centered on these skeletons was never completed. This acquisition is closely linked to the colonialist context of the Centennial Exhibition and to the ways in which Argentine science became embedded in global colonial dynamics, legitimizing narratives of racial superiority and technological progress. The work presented here illustrates how collections are not only of scientific v alue b ut a lso r eflect th e values, social tensions, and scientific approaches of the periods in which they were formed.
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