Bioartefactos vivos, alienados y resucitados
; Rodriguez, Pablo Esteban
; Sánchez Miguel, Ignacio Enrique 
Otros responsables
Fecha
04/2025
Editorial
Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica
Revista
Química Viva
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ISSN
1666-7948
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Resumen
Nos preguntamos si la biotecnología actual da lugar a bioartefactos más o menos vivos que los materiales de partida. Encontramos que muchas aplicaciones de enzimas involucran la alienación de su entorno natural. La separación del entorno también es fundamental en la generación de virus atenuados, cultivos celulares y plantas cultivables. La alienación biotecnológica puede actuar sobre distintos niveles de organización de un ser vivo: se puede perder el entorno molecular, las interacciones con otras especies o la capacidad de generar descendencia. Solamente algunas de estas alienaciones son irreversibles. También observamos movimientos biotecnológicos donde el material modificado gana propiedades de lo vivo. Si bien la creación de vida artificial aún no es posible, sí hemos generado jardines químicos capaces de crecer y autorrepararse, robots que nos pueden sustituir en algunas tareas gracias a sus habilidades motrices y aplicaciones informáticas con las que nos comunicamos. A partir de un cultivo celular, podemos crear organoides que después se trasplantan a un ser vivo. A partir de una célula de un animal extinguido, podemos perseguir la desextinción de una especie. La biotecnología considera los movimientos diseñados en el continuo vivo-no vivo para determinar qué procedimientos son socialmente aceptables. Sin embargo, aún no es capaz de prever si un sistema puede volverse más o menos vivo que en el diseño inicial. Esto contribuye a que los bioartefactos nos inquieten de una manera parecida a cómo lo hacen la inteligencia artificial o los robots.
We ask whether current biotechnology gives rise to bioartefacts that are more or less alive than its starting materials. We find that many enzyme applications involve their alienation from their natural environment. Separation from the environment is also essential to the generation of attenuated viruses, cell cultures and crops. Biotechnological alienation can act on various levels of organization of a living being: the molecular environment, the interactions with other species or the ability to generate descendants can be lost. Only some of these alienations are irreversible. We also note biotechnological movements where the modified material acquired properties of living systems. Although the creation of artificial life is not yet possible, we have generated chemical gardens able to grow and self-repair, robots that can fill in for us in some tasks due to their motor skills and informatic applications we talk to. From a cell culture, we can create organoids and later transplant them into a living being. From a cell of an extinct organism, we can pursue de de-extinction of the species. Biotechnology considers designed movements along the living-nonliving axis to determine which procedures are socially acceptable. However, it is still unable to foresee whether a system can become more or less alive than the original design. This contributes to bioartefacts disquieting us in a similar way to how artificial intelligence or robots do.
We ask whether current biotechnology gives rise to bioartefacts that are more or less alive than its starting materials. We find that many enzyme applications involve their alienation from their natural environment. Separation from the environment is also essential to the generation of attenuated viruses, cell cultures and crops. Biotechnological alienation can act on various levels of organization of a living being: the molecular environment, the interactions with other species or the ability to generate descendants can be lost. Only some of these alienations are irreversible. We also note biotechnological movements where the modified material acquired properties of living systems. Although the creation of artificial life is not yet possible, we have generated chemical gardens able to grow and self-repair, robots that can fill in for us in some tasks due to their motor skills and informatic applications we talk to. From a cell culture, we can create organoids and later transplant them into a living being. From a cell of an extinct organism, we can pursue de de-extinction of the species. Biotechnology considers designed movements along the living-nonliving axis to determine which procedures are socially acceptable. However, it is still unable to foresee whether a system can become more or less alive than the original design. This contributes to bioartefacts disquieting us in a similar way to how artificial intelligence or robots do.
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