Principales impactos esperados y actividades de adaptación propuestas frente al cambio global para el Centro-Norte del Chubut, Patagonia Argentina
; Calderón, Daniela Anabel 
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Fecha
12/2018
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ciencias de la Salud
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Naturalia Patagonia
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2591-6653
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La provincia del Chubut (Patagonia Argentina) posee una riqueza florística importante debido a la presencia de muchos endemismos entre las especies nativas. La biodiversidad vegetal incrementa la eficiencia de uso de los recursos y contribuye a estabilizar el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas frente a factores que los perturben. Los ecosistemas de las zonas áridas se diferencian por su débil capacidad para restablecerse y más de una vez, se torna difícil revertir la degradación a la que son sometidos, por ello reviste importancia tener conocimiento sobre la dinámica y la diversidad florística. En gran parte de la provincia del Chubut se produjo un agravamiento de las condiciones ambientales debido a las sequías iniciadas entre los años 2006 y 2008 y que se prolongaron por 5 a 7 años. Además las erupciones volcánicas ocurridas en 2008 (Volcán Chaitén) y 2011 (Volcán Puyehue) que cubrieron el terreno de cenizas, afectaron la disponibilidad de forraje. Los departamentos del centro-norte de la provincia (Telsen, Gastre, Paso de Indios y Mártires), en estos últimos diez años, fueron los más afectados y sufrieron la mayor pérdida en número de cabezas de ganado. Luego de más de 20 años de recorrer la estepa patagónica, con numerosas campañas de exploración botánica (más de 70) y observando diversos ambientes en diferentes estados de condición con diferentes problemas de degradación, cargas animales y condiciones ambientales (sitios con relevamientos de más de diez años), hemos llegado a percibir los principales impactos esperados del cambio climático global, en los departamentos del centro-norte de Chubut. Por último, se proponen actividades de adaptación frente al impacto del cambio climático
The Chubut province (Patagonia Argentina) has an important floristic richness due to the presence of many endemisms among the native species. Plant biodiversity increases the efficiency of resource use and helps to stabilize the functioning of ecosystems against factors that disturb them. The ecosystems of arid zones are differentiated by their weak capacity to re-establish themselves and more than once, it becomes difficult to reverse the degradation to which they are subjected, so it is important to have know ledge about floristic dynamics and diversity. In much of the Chubut province there was an aggravation of environmental conditions due to droughts started between 2006 and 2008 and that lasted for 5 to 7 years. In addition volcanic eruptions occurred in 2008 (Chaitén Volcano) and 2011 (Puyehue Volcano) that covered the ash ground, affected the availability of forage. The departments of the center-north of the province (Telsen, Gastre, Paso de Indios and Mártires), in these last ten years, were the most affected and suffered the greatest loss in number of head of cattle. After numerous field trips during more than 20 years in Patagonian steppe, with numerous botanical exploration campaigns (more than 70) and observing different environments in different condition states, with different problems of degradation, animal loads and environmental conditions (sites with more than ten years of flora censuses), we have come to perceive the main expected impacts of global climate change, in the central-northern departments of Chubut. Finally, adaptation activities are proposed against the impact of climate change.
The Chubut province (Patagonia Argentina) has an important floristic richness due to the presence of many endemisms among the native species. Plant biodiversity increases the efficiency of resource use and helps to stabilize the functioning of ecosystems against factors that disturb them. The ecosystems of arid zones are differentiated by their weak capacity to re-establish themselves and more than once, it becomes difficult to reverse the degradation to which they are subjected, so it is important to have know ledge about floristic dynamics and diversity. In much of the Chubut province there was an aggravation of environmental conditions due to droughts started between 2006 and 2008 and that lasted for 5 to 7 years. In addition volcanic eruptions occurred in 2008 (Chaitén Volcano) and 2011 (Puyehue Volcano) that covered the ash ground, affected the availability of forage. The departments of the center-north of the province (Telsen, Gastre, Paso de Indios and Mártires), in these last ten years, were the most affected and suffered the greatest loss in number of head of cattle. After numerous field trips during more than 20 years in Patagonian steppe, with numerous botanical exploration campaigns (more than 70) and observing different environments in different condition states, with different problems of degradation, animal loads and environmental conditions (sites with more than ten years of flora censuses), we have come to perceive the main expected impacts of global climate change, in the central-northern departments of Chubut. Finally, adaptation activities are proposed against the impact of climate change.
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