Propuesta metodológica para la evaluación de tierras periféricas al oasis irrigado de Lavalle, Mendoza, Argentina
; Gaviola, Silvia ; Buk, Enrique Mario
; Rodeghiero, Alfio Guido ; Menenti Massimo Otros responsables
Fecha
12/2007
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias
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Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias
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0370-4661
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La factibilidad de obtener productos agrícolas de calidad, irrigados con agua salina, hace necesario evaluar áreas periféricas al oasis irrigado para determinar su aptitud para el cultivo. El objetivo es articular diversas metodologías para cartografiar y evaluar unidades ecológicamente homogéneas en tierras marginales de Mendoza utilizando las comunidades vegetales como indicador. Se relevó un área piloto mediante procesamiento de imagen LANDSAT/TM y se analizó la vegetación, suelo y freática. Las unidades evaluadas y sus respectivos rangos de salinidad, en dS m-1, hasta 50 cm fueron: estepa de Heterostachys ritteriana, 91-83; matorral de Allenrolfea vaginata con H. ritteriana, 83-48; matorral abierto de A.vaginata con Prosopis strombulifera, 62-55; estepa abierta de Suaeda divaricata con Atriplex argentina, 52-83; matorral de S. divaricata con Lycium tenuispinosum, 40-43; bosquecillo abierto de Prosopis flexuosa, 37-26; matorral denso de Prosopis alpataco, 7-6. La concentración de sales solubles sobrepasa los niveles críticos tolerados por las plantas cultivadas. No se detectaron niveles freáticos en los primeros 15 m de profundidad. Se considera que los suelos tienen buen drenaje interno, por lo que pueden ser recuperados sin inversiones elevadas. Este enfoque metodológico mostró una buena correspondencia entre las comunidades vegetales, su expresión espectral y las condiciones de salinidad y drenaje del suelo.
The feasibility to obtain quality agricul tural products, irrigated with saline water, makes it necessary to assess areas peripheral to the irrigated oasis in order to determine their suitability for cropping. The goal is to combine diverse methodologies for mapping and assessing ecologically homogeneous units in marginal lands of Mendoza, using plant communities as an indicator of these units. A pilot area was surveyed using LANDSAT/TM image processing, and vegetation, soil and water table were analysed. Assessed vegetation units and their respective salinity ranges (dS m-1), up to 50 cm depth, were: steppe of Heterostachys ritteriana, 91-83; shrubland of Allenrolfea vaginata with H. ritteriana, 83-48; open shrubland of A.vaginata con Prosopis strombulifera, 62-55; open steppe of Suaeda divaricata with Atriplex argentina, 52-83; shrubland of S. divaricata con Lycium tenuispinosum, 40-43; open woodland of Prosopis flexuosa, 37-26; dense shrubland of Prosopis alpataco, 7-6. The concentration of soluble salts exceeds the critical levels tolerated by cultivated plants. No water tables were detected within 15 m from the surface. It is considered that soils have good drainage conditions, so they can be recovered without high investment. This methodological approach showed good correspondence among plant communities, their spectral expression, and soil salinity and drainage conditions.
The feasibility to obtain quality agricul tural products, irrigated with saline water, makes it necessary to assess areas peripheral to the irrigated oasis in order to determine their suitability for cropping. The goal is to combine diverse methodologies for mapping and assessing ecologically homogeneous units in marginal lands of Mendoza, using plant communities as an indicator of these units. A pilot area was surveyed using LANDSAT/TM image processing, and vegetation, soil and water table were analysed. Assessed vegetation units and their respective salinity ranges (dS m-1), up to 50 cm depth, were: steppe of Heterostachys ritteriana, 91-83; shrubland of Allenrolfea vaginata with H. ritteriana, 83-48; open shrubland of A.vaginata con Prosopis strombulifera, 62-55; open steppe of Suaeda divaricata with Atriplex argentina, 52-83; shrubland of S. divaricata con Lycium tenuispinosum, 40-43; open woodland of Prosopis flexuosa, 37-26; dense shrubland of Prosopis alpataco, 7-6. The concentration of soluble salts exceeds the critical levels tolerated by cultivated plants. No water tables were detected within 15 m from the surface. It is considered that soils have good drainage conditions, so they can be recovered without high investment. This methodological approach showed good correspondence among plant communities, their spectral expression, and soil salinity and drainage conditions.
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