Dependencia y subdesarrollo en tiempos de globalización: Las experiencias neoliberales y neodesarrollistas en la Argentina

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Fecha
06/2019
Editorial
Universidad del Valle
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Sociedad y Economía
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2389-9050
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Español
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Resumen
Las transformaciones que ha sufrido la economía mundial a partir de la globalización obligan a repensar las relaciones de dependencia y el subdesarrollo. En este sentido, el artículo se propone analizar si durante las dos últimas experiencias políticas en la Argentina (el neodesarrollismo y el regreso del neoliberalismo) hubo cambios sustantivos en el carácter dependiente de su economía y en qué sentido operaron los mismos. Para ello se presentan algunas variables clave de la evolución de la economía argentina en las últimas décadas y se abordan cuestiones conceptuales como el destino del plusvalor y el papel que cumplen instrumentos centrales en un marco librecambista como el tipo de cambio. Se concluye que si bien las políticas neoliberales han profundizado la situación de dependencia, los gobiernos neodesarrollistas tampoco han logrado impulsar un proceso sostenido de desarrollo.
Transformations suffered by global economy due to globalization have forced us to rethink the relation between dependence and underdevelopment. In this sense, the purpose of this article is to analyze if during the last two political experiences in Argentina (the “neo-development” and the return of neoliberalism) were there any substantial changes in the dependent character of their economy and in what sense they operated. For this purpose, some key variables of the evolution of the Argentine economy in recent decades are presented. Similarly, conceptual issues such as the destination of the capital gains and the role played by central instruments in a free-trade framework, like the exchange rate, are addressed. It is concluded that although neoliberal policies have deepened the dependency situation, the “neo-developmentalist” governments have not managed to promote a sustained development process either.
Transformations suffered by global economy due to globalization have forced us to rethink the relation between dependence and underdevelopment. In this sense, the purpose of this article is to analyze if during the last two political experiences in Argentina (the “neo-development” and the return of neoliberalism) were there any substantial changes in the dependent character of their economy and in what sense they operated. For this purpose, some key variables of the evolution of the Argentine economy in recent decades are presented. Similarly, conceptual issues such as the destination of the capital gains and the role played by central instruments in a free-trade framework, like the exchange rate, are addressed. It is concluded that although neoliberal policies have deepened the dependency situation, the “neo-developmentalist” governments have not managed to promote a sustained development process either.
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