El cañadón Mack-Aike (cuenca media del río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina): persistencia de las ocupaciones-cazadoras recolectoras en el sector norte del Campo Volcánico Pali-Aike
; Carballo Marina, Flavia Elena ; Borrero, Luis Alberto
; Iparraguirre, Andres 
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04/2025
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Universidad de Magallanes
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Magallania
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0197-7261
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La información arqueológica y cronológica del cañadón Mack-Aike lo integra a la discusión sobre el uso del Campo Volcánico Pali-Aike (CVPA) por parte de las poblaciones cazadoras recolectoras. El cañadón es uno de los espacios más protegidos del sector norte del CVPA y, además, concentra agua, pasturas y fauna. A lo largo de 25 km se comprobó una distribución continua de materiales arqueológicos con sectores puntuales con alta frecuencia y diversidad artefactual y arqueofaunas dominadas por el guanaco (Lama guanicoe). En términos metodológicos, los espacios de mayor densidad fueron considerados sitios, los que muestran diferencias en su composición artefactual, cronología y presencia de fauna. Se registraron ocupaciones que se inician al menos hace 3.300 años AP y continúan hasta momentos históricos. Si bien las mayores frecuencias corresponden a aquellos artefactos manufacturados con rocas locales (Rocas de Grano Fino Oscuras, dacitas y calcedonias), también se constató el uso de rocas alóctonas como tres variedades de obsidianas. A su vez, la identificación de un lito discoidal, del diseño de filos largos (cuchillos y raederas) sobre piezas bifaciales, un retocador óseo decorado, diferentes diseños de puntas de proyectil, hojas de lutita de grandes dimensiones y cuentas y moluscos marinos indican la interacción con otros espacios de Patagonia austral. Sobre esa base, empleando el concepto de Schlanger, se interpreta que el cañadón Mack-Aike fue un lugar de ocupación persistente. Habría sido utilizado de manera principalmente residencial y redundante a lo largo de todo el año durante el Holoceno tardío, incluyendo el periodo de contacto indígena-europeo, donde su relevancia podría haber sido aún mayor. Estas consideraciones evidencian el papel central del cañadón dentro de la geografía cultural de los cazadores-recolectores del CVPA.
stract The archaeological and chronological information of the MackAike canyon is incorporated into the discussion of the use by hunter-gatherer populations of the Pali-Aike Volcanic Field (PAVF). The canyon is one of the places offering more protection against strong winds and storms in the northern sector of the PAVF, which also concentrates water, pastures and fauna. A continuous distribution of archaeological materials was recorded along 21 km, punctuated by sectors with high tool frequency and artifactual diversity with archaeofaunas dominated by guanaco (Lama guanicoe). The spaces with the highest tool density were considered sites, which show differences in their artifactual composition, chronology and presence of fauna. Occupations that began at least 3.300 years BP and continue until historical moments were recorded. Although the highest artifactual frequencies correspond to those manufactured with local rocks (Dark Fine-Grained Rocks, dacites and chalcedonies), the use of allochthonous rocks (three varieties of obsidian) was also confirmed. The presence of a discoidal stone, the long edges (knives and side-scrapers) on bifacial blanks design, a decorated bone flaker, different designs of projectile points, large blades on lutite, beads and marine mollusks indicate interaction with other southern Patagonia spaces. The Mack-Aike canyon was, using Schlanger’s concept, a persistent place that attracted human populations that redundantly used it in a residential manner along the year throughout the late Holocene. The preeminence of the canyon would have been even greater during the contact period. These considerations show the central role of the canyon within the cultural geography of the hunter-gatherers of the PAVF
stract The archaeological and chronological information of the MackAike canyon is incorporated into the discussion of the use by hunter-gatherer populations of the Pali-Aike Volcanic Field (PAVF). The canyon is one of the places offering more protection against strong winds and storms in the northern sector of the PAVF, which also concentrates water, pastures and fauna. A continuous distribution of archaeological materials was recorded along 21 km, punctuated by sectors with high tool frequency and artifactual diversity with archaeofaunas dominated by guanaco (Lama guanicoe). The spaces with the highest tool density were considered sites, which show differences in their artifactual composition, chronology and presence of fauna. Occupations that began at least 3.300 years BP and continue until historical moments were recorded. Although the highest artifactual frequencies correspond to those manufactured with local rocks (Dark Fine-Grained Rocks, dacites and chalcedonies), the use of allochthonous rocks (three varieties of obsidian) was also confirmed. The presence of a discoidal stone, the long edges (knives and side-scrapers) on bifacial blanks design, a decorated bone flaker, different designs of projectile points, large blades on lutite, beads and marine mollusks indicate interaction with other southern Patagonia spaces. The Mack-Aike canyon was, using Schlanger’s concept, a persistent place that attracted human populations that redundantly used it in a residential manner along the year throughout the late Holocene. The preeminence of the canyon would have been even greater during the contact period. These considerations show the central role of the canyon within the cultural geography of the hunter-gatherers of the PAVF
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