El trotskismo frente a la cuestión agraria argentina: El caso de Política Obrera en la década de 1970

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06/2020
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Ariadna Ediciones
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0718-5049
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La convulsionada década de 1970 en Argentina, estuvo signada por un incremento de la conflictividad social en diferentes ámbitos. La historiografía ha estudiado con profundidad los conflictos del mundo obrero y estudiantil, y el accionar de las izquierdas. Sin embargo, hay un terreno poco transitado, el de la insurgencia agraria y de la reactualización, desde la década del ’50, de la llamada “cuestión agraria”. En este trabajo examinamos el tratamiento que esta problemática recibió por parte de un partido trotskista, Política Obrera, en la década del ’70. Buscamos estudiar la forma en que describió la estructura agraria argentina, identificó los problemas de la revolución en ese ámbito y desarrolló una intervención específica en el campo. Para ello, seleccionamos un acervo documental nutrido de los documentos internos surgidos de instancias congresales, y su prensa periódica que permite reconstruir sus posicionamientos ligados a la coyuntura política. Nuestra hipótesis de trabajo es que, partiendo de una tradición en la que el campesinado tenía un rol accesorio (en oposición a otras tradiciones como el maoísmo y el guevarismo), quienes se filiaron en las ideas de Trotsky, brindaron poca importancia a los problemas agrarios nacionales. Sin embargo, la estructura socio-económica del país los obligaba a adoptar definiciones sobre el asunto, lo que condujo, finalmente, a un análisis superficial que se emparentó muy fuertemente, con aquellas tradiciones rivales (maoísmo, guevarismo y estalinismo).
The convulsed 1970s in Argentina was marked by an increase in social conflict in different areas. Historiography has studied in depth the conflicts of the working and student world, and the actions of the left. However, there are only a few studies on the agrarian insurgency and the updating, since the 1950s, of the so-called “agrarian question”. In this work we examine the treatment that this problem received from a Trotskyist party, Politica Obrera, in the 1970s. We study the way in which he described the Argentine agrarian structure, identified the problems of the revolution in that area, and developed a specific intervention in the field. To do this, we selected a documentary heritage nurtured from the internal documents that emerged from congresses, and its periodic press that allows us to reconstruct their positions linked to the political situation. Our hypothesis is that, based on a tradition in which the peasantry had an accessory role (as opposed to other traditions such as Maoism and Guevarism), those who were affiliated with Trotsky's ideas, gave little importance to agrarian problems. nationals. However, the socio-economic structure of the country forced them to adopt definitions on the matter, which ultimately led to a superficial analysis that was very closely related to those rival traditions (Maoism, Guevarism and Stalinism).
The convulsed 1970s in Argentina was marked by an increase in social conflict in different areas. Historiography has studied in depth the conflicts of the working and student world, and the actions of the left. However, there are only a few studies on the agrarian insurgency and the updating, since the 1950s, of the so-called “agrarian question”. In this work we examine the treatment that this problem received from a Trotskyist party, Politica Obrera, in the 1970s. We study the way in which he described the Argentine agrarian structure, identified the problems of the revolution in that area, and developed a specific intervention in the field. To do this, we selected a documentary heritage nurtured from the internal documents that emerged from congresses, and its periodic press that allows us to reconstruct their positions linked to the political situation. Our hypothesis is that, based on a tradition in which the peasantry had an accessory role (as opposed to other traditions such as Maoism and Guevarism), those who were affiliated with Trotsky's ideas, gave little importance to agrarian problems. nationals. However, the socio-economic structure of the country forced them to adopt definitions on the matter, which ultimately led to a superficial analysis that was very closely related to those rival traditions (Maoism, Guevarism and Stalinism).
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