The Contested Field of Openness and Inclusion

Abstract

The challenges of scientific openness changesignificantly from Global North to Global South, given theasymmetrical development of digital infrastructure, butalso from West to East, within each region, and even within a country and its internal structural heterogeneity. The most developed dimension of Open Science by thetime of the preparation of the Recommendation was openaccess to scientific publications. Public concern for this issue seemed boosted by the COVID-19 pandemic. As notedby several studies that consider the 20-year balance sincethe Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI), open accesswas born as a noble intention but evolved as a flawed reality.