El dimorfismo sexual en guanacos (Lama guanicoe). Una evaluación osteométrica de elementos poscraneales
; L'heureux, Gabriela Lorena 
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Fecha
12/2009
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades
Revista
Revista del Museo de Antropología
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1852-4826
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Español
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Resumen
En poblaciones vivas, los camélidos silvestres sudamericanos son sexados a partir de la observación de su conducta social y reproductiva. Por lo general, tanto biólogos como arqueólogos asumen la ausencia de caracteres morfológicos que evidencien un dimorfismo sexual marcado entre individuos adultos de guanaco (Lama guanicoe). Los principales estudios que evalúan las diferencias osteológicas entre machos y hembras en esta especie están basadosen análisis de variables morfométricas craneanas y en caracteres morfológicos de la pelvis. En este trabajo se evalúa la existencia y magnitud de variables osteométricas poscraneales de diferenciación sexual en una población moderna de guanacos procedente de la localidad Cinco Chañares, Provincia de Río Negro, Argentina. Se estudiaron 32 individuos (8 machos y 24 hembras) de más de 30 meses en los que se midieron 51 hemipelvis, 40 húmeros, 39 radioulnas, 40 fémures y 41 tibias. Los resultados mostraron que las principales diferencias osteológicas, vinculadas con el dimorfismo sexual, se relacionan con variaciones en el tamaño y la forma de la pelvis. En los huesos largos, las diferencias osteométricas significativas se registraron sólo en variables aisladas y no se pudieron definir diferencias osteométricas asociadas con el dimorfismo sexual. Igualmente se considera que esto deberá ser reevaluado con mayor profundidad considerando una muestra mayor de individuos machos.
In wild-living populations adult camelids are mainly sexed by observing their social and reproductive behavior, and on occasion, their genitalia. Both biologists and archaeologists usually assume the absence of clearly identifiable sexually dimorphic somatic and postcranial traits among adult guanaco (Lama guanicoe) specimens. The principal studies that evaluate the osteological differences between sexes in this species, had been carried out using qualitative morphological traits of the pelvis and morphometric traits of the skull. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to contribute to the development of methodological tools aimed to accurately discriminate between sexes using morphometric techniques. In addition, we assess in this paper the existence and magnitude of the postcranial sex-related morphometric differences in a sample of modern guanaco specimens from Cinco Chañares, Río Negro, Argentina. The sample was composed by 32 individuals (8 males and 24 females) older than 30 month at the age of death. Fifty one hemipelvis, 40 humeri, 39 radioulnae, 40 femora, and 41 tibiae were measured. The obtained results show that the main morphometric differences between sexes are related to size and shape variation in the whole pelvis and acetabulum. In the appendicular skeleton no statistically significant differences between sexes were found, but this ought to be reevaluated increasing sample sizes of male specimens.
In wild-living populations adult camelids are mainly sexed by observing their social and reproductive behavior, and on occasion, their genitalia. Both biologists and archaeologists usually assume the absence of clearly identifiable sexually dimorphic somatic and postcranial traits among adult guanaco (Lama guanicoe) specimens. The principal studies that evaluate the osteological differences between sexes in this species, had been carried out using qualitative morphological traits of the pelvis and morphometric traits of the skull. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to contribute to the development of methodological tools aimed to accurately discriminate between sexes using morphometric techniques. In addition, we assess in this paper the existence and magnitude of the postcranial sex-related morphometric differences in a sample of modern guanaco specimens from Cinco Chañares, Río Negro, Argentina. The sample was composed by 32 individuals (8 males and 24 females) older than 30 month at the age of death. Fifty one hemipelvis, 40 humeri, 39 radioulnae, 40 femora, and 41 tibiae were measured. The obtained results show that the main morphometric differences between sexes are related to size and shape variation in the whole pelvis and acetabulum. In the appendicular skeleton no statistically significant differences between sexes were found, but this ought to be reevaluated increasing sample sizes of male specimens.
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