Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga and the vertebrate paleontology in the Río de la Plata in the early 19th century
; Castiñeira Latorre, Carola 
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06/2025
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Asociación Paleontológica Argentina
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Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina
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2469-0228
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Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga nació en 1771 en Montevideo, ciudad que en aquellos tiempos integraba los territorios del Virreinato del Perú, y falleció en 1848 en la misma ciudad, capital de la República Oriental del Uruguay. Hasta su deceso, las ciencias naturales ocuparon un rol fundamental en sus actividades cotidianas signadas por su vocación religiosa y su participación en la compleja lucha por la independencia de América del Sur y del Uruguay. Como hombre de ciencias, estudió temas botánicos, geológicos, paleontológicos, zoológicos, lingüísticos y etnolingüísticos, bajo distintas perspectivas relacionadas a la taxonomía, clasificación, anatomía, estratigrafía, herboristería, lexicografía nativa, entre otras. Parte de su obra, manuscritos y dibujos, fue publicada en extenso durante la segunda década del siglo XX. Una pequeña nota de su autoría fue incluida en la segunda edición de la obra Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles de quadrupèdes de Georges Cuvier publicada en 1823. Su contenido, tuvo un fuerte impacto en la comunidad científica internacional porque él incluyó al Megatherium como un subgénero del armadillo Dasypus y postuló que el gran mamífero presentaba una cobertura ósea externa. En este trabajo nosotros analizamos la obra de Larrañaga y recreamos el contexto científico en el que se inscribe al Megatherium como un mamífero acorazado. Apelamos entonces a asociar esta inferencia en los postulados para la clasificación de los mamíferos que, en aquellos tiempos, se basaban en las estructuras dentarias, así como también la influencia ejercida por la interacción entre destacados naturalistas del siglo XIX.
Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga was born in 1771 in Montevideo, a city that, by those years, integrated the territories of the Virreinato del Perú, and died in 1848 in the same city, current capital city of República Oriental del Uruguay. Until his death, the natural sciences played a fundamental role in his daily activities and were marked by his religious vocation and his participation in the complex struggle for the independence of South America and Uruguay. As a man of science, he studied botanical, geological, paleontological, zoological, linguistic, and ethnolinguistic topics, under different perspectives related to taxonomy, classification, anatomy, stratigraphy, herbalism, and native lexicography, among others. Parts of his work, manuscripts and drawings, were extensively published during the second decade of the 20th century. A small note of his authorship was included in the second edition of the work entitled Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles de quadrupeds by Georges Cuvier, published in 1823. Its content had a strong impact on the international scientific community because he included Megatherium as a subgenus of the armadillo Dasypus, postulating that this large mammal had an external armor. In this contribution, we analyze the work of Larrañaga and recreate the scientific context in which Megatherium was inscribed as an armored mammal. As a result, we intend to associate this inference in the diverse postulates concerning the classification of mammals, which, at that time, were based on dental structures, as well as the influence exerted by the interaction between prominent naturalists of the 19th century.
Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga was born in 1771 in Montevideo, a city that, by those years, integrated the territories of the Virreinato del Perú, and died in 1848 in the same city, current capital city of República Oriental del Uruguay. Until his death, the natural sciences played a fundamental role in his daily activities and were marked by his religious vocation and his participation in the complex struggle for the independence of South America and Uruguay. As a man of science, he studied botanical, geological, paleontological, zoological, linguistic, and ethnolinguistic topics, under different perspectives related to taxonomy, classification, anatomy, stratigraphy, herbalism, and native lexicography, among others. Parts of his work, manuscripts and drawings, were extensively published during the second decade of the 20th century. A small note of his authorship was included in the second edition of the work entitled Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles de quadrupeds by Georges Cuvier, published in 1823. Its content had a strong impact on the international scientific community because he included Megatherium as a subgenus of the armadillo Dasypus, postulating that this large mammal had an external armor. In this contribution, we analyze the work of Larrañaga and recreate the scientific context in which Megatherium was inscribed as an armored mammal. As a result, we intend to associate this inference in the diverse postulates concerning the classification of mammals, which, at that time, were based on dental structures, as well as the influence exerted by the interaction between prominent naturalists of the 19th century.
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