Construcción de un Test de Conducta Prosocial y su Modelización con la Teoría de la Respuesta al Ítem

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2018-02-28
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La presente Tesis tuvo como objetivo general la construcción de una escala para medir conducta prosocial en estudiantes terciarios y universitarios y su modelización con la Teoría de la Respuesta al Ítem (TRI). Este instrumento fue construido a partir de una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica y depurado por juicio experto e indicadores de la Teoría Clásica de Test. Está conformado por 15 ítems que evalúan la conducta prosocial a través de dos dimensiones correlacionadas: Ayuda y Confortar. Para su validación se utilizó una muestra de 1540 participantes, de los cuales se depuraron los sujetos con alta deseabilidad social y los que fueron detectados como casos anómalos. Los datos se analizaron desde el marco de la TRI con los Modelos Logísticos de Uno, Dos y Tres Parámetros, el Modelo de Respuesta Graduada y el Modelo de Crédito Parcial. Los ítems ajustaron de forma aceptable a dichos modelos. Mientras que la Dimensión Ayuda resultó más informativa para niveles medio-altos o altos del rasgo, la Dimensión Confortar fue más informativa para niveles bajos. Se aportaron además evidencias adicionales de confiabilidad y de validez. Se realizó una discusión teórica y metodológica de los resultados obtenidos. Por último, se expusieron las limitaciones del estudio y posibles líneas de investigación futuras.
The general objective of this Thesis was the construction of a scale to measure prosocial behavior in tertiary and university students and its modeling with the Item Respose Theory (IRT). This instrument was constructed from an exhaustive bibliographical review and debugged by expert judgment and Classical Test Theory indicators. It is made up of 15 items that evaluate prosocial behavior through two correlated dimensions: Helping and Comfort. For its validation a sample of 1540 participants was used, of which the subjects with high social desirability and those that were detected as outliers were deleted. Data were analyzed from the IRT framework with the One, Two and Three Parameters Logistic Models, the Graduated Response Model and the Partial Credit Model. The items adjusted in an acceptable manner to these models. While Helping dimension proved more informative for medium-high or high trait levels, Comfort dimension was more informative for low trait levels. Further evidence of reliability and validity was provided. A theoretical and methodological discussion of the results obtained was made. Finally, the limitations of the study and possible future lines of research were explained.
The general objective of this Thesis was the construction of a scale to measure prosocial behavior in tertiary and university students and its modeling with the Item Respose Theory (IRT). This instrument was constructed from an exhaustive bibliographical review and debugged by expert judgment and Classical Test Theory indicators. It is made up of 15 items that evaluate prosocial behavior through two correlated dimensions: Helping and Comfort. For its validation a sample of 1540 participants was used, of which the subjects with high social desirability and those that were detected as outliers were deleted. Data were analyzed from the IRT framework with the One, Two and Three Parameters Logistic Models, the Graduated Response Model and the Partial Credit Model. The items adjusted in an acceptable manner to these models. While Helping dimension proved more informative for medium-high or high trait levels, Comfort dimension was more informative for low trait levels. Further evidence of reliability and validity was provided. A theoretical and methodological discussion of the results obtained was made. Finally, the limitations of the study and possible future lines of research were explained.
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