Geofísica aplicada a la caracterización morfoestructural de un sistema hidrotermal: La Laja, San Juan (Argentina)
; Rodríguez, Aixa Inés
; Winocur, Diego Alejandro ; Grígolo, María Agostina
; Martínez, Myriam Patricia 
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Fecha
01/2026
Editorial
Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería
Revista
Andean Geology
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ISSN
0718-7092
eISSN
0718-7106
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Español
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Resumen
El Sistema Hidrotermal La Laja se localiza en una región sísmica y tectónicamente activa al sur de los Andes Centrales, en la provincia de San Juan, Argentina. En este estudio se presenta una caracterización geomorfológica y geofísica de este sistema, con el objetivo de construir modelos geológico-estructurales que expliquen su origen, configuración y principales manifestaciones. El análisis geomorfológico permitió identificar conos y terrazas de travertino, barreales, surgencias y canales, los cuales fueron estudiados mediante gravimetría, magnetometría, tomografía eléctrica y audiomagnetotelúrica. La combinación de estas técnicas, que aportan información a distintas profundidades y resoluciones, junto con datos geológicos de superficie permitió refinar la interpretación y generar modelos robustos en los sitios de interés. Los resultados obtenidos indican que las manifestaciones geotermales se disponen sobre una franja estructural de orientación ~NE-SO, subparalela al frente montañoso, y que su origen sería tectónico. Se identificaron dos sistemas que controlan el flujo del agua termal: al norte la falla El Museo, donde la estructura actúa como vía de circulación de los fluidos hidrotermales, y otro al sur, que involucra una deformación tectónica más compleja con la formación de fallas, pliegues y zonas de debilidad.
The La Laja Hydrothermal System is located in a tectonically and seismically active area in the southern Central Andes, in the San Juan Province of Argentina. Here we present a geomorphological and geophysical characterization of this system, aimed at constructing geological-structural models to explain its origin, configuration, and main manifestations. The geomorphological analysis allowed the identification of travertine cones and terraces, mudflats, springs, and channels, geoforms that were studied using gravimetry, magnetometry, electrical tomography and audio-magnetotelluric methods. The combination of these techniques, which provide information at different depths and resolutions, together with surface geological data, made it possible to refine the interpretation and generate robust models at the sites of interest. Results suggest that the geothermal manifestations are distributed along a ~NE-SW structural zone, subparallel to the mountain front, and that their origin is tectonic. Two systems controlling the flow of thermal waters were identified: to the north, the El Museo Fault, where the structure acts as a conduit for hydrothermal fluid circulation; and another to the south, which involves a more complex tectonic deformation, including the development of faults, folds, and zones of weakness.
The La Laja Hydrothermal System is located in a tectonically and seismically active area in the southern Central Andes, in the San Juan Province of Argentina. Here we present a geomorphological and geophysical characterization of this system, aimed at constructing geological-structural models to explain its origin, configuration, and main manifestations. The geomorphological analysis allowed the identification of travertine cones and terraces, mudflats, springs, and channels, geoforms that were studied using gravimetry, magnetometry, electrical tomography and audio-magnetotelluric methods. The combination of these techniques, which provide information at different depths and resolutions, together with surface geological data, made it possible to refine the interpretation and generate robust models at the sites of interest. Results suggest that the geothermal manifestations are distributed along a ~NE-SW structural zone, subparallel to the mountain front, and that their origin is tectonic. Two systems controlling the flow of thermal waters were identified: to the north, the El Museo Fault, where the structure acts as a conduit for hydrothermal fluid circulation; and another to the south, which involves a more complex tectonic deformation, including the development of faults, folds, and zones of weakness.
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