La fábrica de la subjetividad neoliberal: del empresario de sí al hombre endeudado

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Fecha
08/2016
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Centro de Análisis e Investigación Política
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Pléyade
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0718-655X
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Este trabajo propone una reflexión crítica sobre la subjetividad neoliberal como efecto de un modo específico de gubernamentalidad, retomando y ampliando el diagnóstico elaborado por Michel Foucault. En ese marco, se abordan algunos de los presupuestos en los que se asienta la racionalidad neoliberal como forma de gobierno de la sociedad y de producción de subjetividades a través de dispositivos como la competencia generalizada, cuya figura paradigmática sería el capital humano o un empresario de sí mismo transformado, tras cuatro décadas de hegemonía del capitalismo financiero, en hombre endeudado. En este sentido, además de considerar los dispositivos de control que configuran subjetividades neoliberales, el trabajo tematiza el rol decisivo del capital financiero y la producción masiva de deuda como dispositivo de control de los sujetos y de captura de los posibles. Se sostiene, siguiendo a Maurizio Lazzarato, que el endeudamiento interviene tanto sobre los individuos y las poblaciones como sobre los dividuos generados por los aparatos informacionales de modulación y control a distancia.
This paper proposes a critical reflection on neoliberal subjectivity as an effect of a specific mode of governmentality, retrieving and expanding Michel Foucault’s diagnosis. In this context, it considers the presuppositions on which neoliberal rationality lies as a form of governing society and producing subjectivities through dispositifs such as generalized competition, the paradigmatic figure of which would be human capital, an entrepreneur of himself that – after four decades of hegemony of financial capitalism – became an indebted man. In this sense, this paper not only analyzes apparatuses of control that shape neoliberal subjectivities, but also takes into account the crucial role played by financial capital and the massive production of debt as dispositive of control of subjectivities as well as of capture of potentialities. Following the studies of Maurizio Lazzarato, this paper maintains that debt intervenes on individuals and populations – and also on dividuals, produced by the informational apparatuses of modulation and control at distance.
This paper proposes a critical reflection on neoliberal subjectivity as an effect of a specific mode of governmentality, retrieving and expanding Michel Foucault’s diagnosis. In this context, it considers the presuppositions on which neoliberal rationality lies as a form of governing society and producing subjectivities through dispositifs such as generalized competition, the paradigmatic figure of which would be human capital, an entrepreneur of himself that – after four decades of hegemony of financial capitalism – became an indebted man. In this sense, this paper not only analyzes apparatuses of control that shape neoliberal subjectivities, but also takes into account the crucial role played by financial capital and the massive production of debt as dispositive of control of subjectivities as well as of capture of potentialities. Following the studies of Maurizio Lazzarato, this paper maintains that debt intervenes on individuals and populations – and also on dividuals, produced by the informational apparatuses of modulation and control at distance.
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