La neología semántica de los verbos: Criterios estructurales para determinar grados de neologicidad
; Boschiroli, Victoria de Los Ángeles Otros responsables
Fecha
06/2024
Editorial
Università di Napoli L'Orientale
Revista
Annali Sezione Romanza v.66
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0547-2121
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Español
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El presente trabajo estudia el comportamiento contextual de tres verbos del español identificados como neologismos semánticos –anestesiar, coreografiar y mapear– a partir de la Teoría de las Normas y las Explotaciones, desarrollada en 2013 por Patrick Hanks. Mediante el análisis de muestras de 200 contextos de cada verbo a partir de las categorías de norma y explotación, se identifican patrones de uso establecidos, que constituyen auténticas normas, y conjuntos de usos aún inestables que ocupan un espacio intermedio entre las explotaciones aisladas y novedosas y las normas fijadas. Estos resultados se vinculan con la noción de proceso neológico propuesta por Judit Freixa. Se establecen así diversos grados de neologicidad sobre la base del comportamiento contextual de los verbos y se analiza el papel de la desespecificación semántica en los usos inestables. Se concluye que el patrón estructural puede utilizarse como criterio para medir la neologicidad de un neologismo semántico verbal, en la medida en que permite sistematizar la frecuencia y estabilidad de los usos neológicos, en un sentido similar al modo en que el criterio de frecuencia se utiliza para calcular la neologicidad de neologismos formales.
This paper studies the contextual behaviour of three Spanish verbs identified as semantic neologisms –anestesiar ‘to anesthetize’, coreografiar ‘to choreograph’ and mapear ‘to map’– based on the Theory of Norms and Exploitations, developed in 2013 by Patrick Hanks. Through the analysis of 200-concordance samples of each verb based on the categories of norm and exploitation, both established patterns of use which are authentic norms, and still unstable sets of uses that occupy an intermediate space between new isolated exploitations and new and established norms are identified. These results are linked to the notion of neological process proposed by Judit Freixa. Thus, different degrees of neologicity are established according to how the verbs behave in context, and the role of semantic despecification in unstable uses is analyzed. We conclude that structural patterns can be used as a criterion to measure the neologicity of a verbal semantic neologism, which can be used to measure the frequency and stability of neological uses, in a similar way to the way in which the frequency criterion is used to calculate the neologicity of formal neologisms.
This paper studies the contextual behaviour of three Spanish verbs identified as semantic neologisms –anestesiar ‘to anesthetize’, coreografiar ‘to choreograph’ and mapear ‘to map’– based on the Theory of Norms and Exploitations, developed in 2013 by Patrick Hanks. Through the analysis of 200-concordance samples of each verb based on the categories of norm and exploitation, both established patterns of use which are authentic norms, and still unstable sets of uses that occupy an intermediate space between new isolated exploitations and new and established norms are identified. These results are linked to the notion of neological process proposed by Judit Freixa. Thus, different degrees of neologicity are established according to how the verbs behave in context, and the role of semantic despecification in unstable uses is analyzed. We conclude that structural patterns can be used as a criterion to measure the neologicity of a verbal semantic neologism, which can be used to measure the frequency and stability of neological uses, in a similar way to the way in which the frequency criterion is used to calculate the neologicity of formal neologisms.
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