Seguridad vial infantil: estudio observacional en jardines de infantes de la ciudad de Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, 2022
; Ledesma, Ruben Daniel
; Poó, Fernando Martín
; Ferraro, Antonella ; Esposito, Paula Otros responsables
Fecha
03/2024
Editorial
Ministerio de Salud de la Nación
Revista
Revista Argentina de Salud Pública
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eISSN
1853-810X
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Español
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INTRODUCCIÓN: Las conductas preventivas, como el uso de casco o los sistemas de retención infantil, son un factor clave para la seguridad vial. En Argentina, la adopción de estas medidas es particularmente baja en población infantil. Los objetivos fueron: a) conocer el porcentaje de conductas preventivas en niños y adultos acompañantes que viajan a jardines de infantes en tres modos de transporte (vehículos motorizados de cuatro ruedas, motovehículos y bicicletas); b) identificar factores asociados al uso de tales medidas; y c) analizar la relación entre las conductas preventivas, las condiciones viales del entorno inmediato a los jardines y el nivel de vulnerabilidad socioambiental en la zona de emplazamiento. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal. Se observó a 462 conductores y 508 niños en 13 jardines de infantes municipales de la ciudad de Mar del Plata. RESULTADOS: En moto, 18,3% de los niños usaba casco. En vehículos de cuatro ruedas, 12,5% utilizaba algún sistema de sujeción. En bicicleta, solo un niño empleaba casco. En casos de conductores sin dispositivos de seguridad y en zonas de alta vulnerabilidad, era más común que los niños viajaran desprotegidos. Los entornos viales con más falencias se ubicaron en sitios de alta vulnerabilidad y se asociaron a una menor proporción de conductas preventivas. DISCUSIÓN: Los resultados constituyen un aporte relevante para el desarrollo de políticas en seguridad vial infantil.
INTRODUCTION: Preventive behaviors, such as using helmets and child restraint systems, are a key factor for road safety. In Argentina, these measures are rarely taken for the child population. The objectives were: a) to know the percentage of preventive behaviors in children and accompanying adults traveling to kindergartens in three modes of transport (four-wheeled motor vehicles, motorcycles and bicycles); b) to identify factors associated with the use of such measures; and c) to analyze the relationship between preventive behaviors, road conditions in the immediate surroundings of the kindergartens and the level of socio-environmental vulnerability in the area where they are located. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted. A total of 462 drivers and 508 children were observed in 13 municipal kindergartens in the city of Mar del Plata. RESULTS: On motorcycles, 18.3% of the children wore helmets. In four-wheeled vehicles, 12.5% used some type of restraint system. On bicycles, only one child wore a helmet. When drivers did not use safety devices and in areas of high vulnerability, it was more common for children to travel without protection. The most deficient road environments were located in highly vulnerable areas and were associated with a lower proportion of preventive behaviors. DISCUSSION: The results provide a relevant contribution for the development of child road safety policies.
INTRODUCTION: Preventive behaviors, such as using helmets and child restraint systems, are a key factor for road safety. In Argentina, these measures are rarely taken for the child population. The objectives were: a) to know the percentage of preventive behaviors in children and accompanying adults traveling to kindergartens in three modes of transport (four-wheeled motor vehicles, motorcycles and bicycles); b) to identify factors associated with the use of such measures; and c) to analyze the relationship between preventive behaviors, road conditions in the immediate surroundings of the kindergartens and the level of socio-environmental vulnerability in the area where they are located. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted. A total of 462 drivers and 508 children were observed in 13 municipal kindergartens in the city of Mar del Plata. RESULTS: On motorcycles, 18.3% of the children wore helmets. In four-wheeled vehicles, 12.5% used some type of restraint system. On bicycles, only one child wore a helmet. When drivers did not use safety devices and in areas of high vulnerability, it was more common for children to travel without protection. The most deficient road environments were located in highly vulnerable areas and were associated with a lower proportion of preventive behaviors. DISCUSSION: The results provide a relevant contribution for the development of child road safety policies.
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