Conceptual framework to define management strategies for silvopastoral systems in native forests
; Rosas, Yamina Micaela
; López, Dardo Rubén ; Lencinas, María Vanessa
; Cavallero, Laura
; Martínez Pastur, Guillermo José 
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Fecha
09/2022
Editorial
Asociación Argentina de Ecología
Revista
Ecología Austral
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0327-5477
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Resumen
La mayoría de los bosques nativos de la Argentina se utilizan para la producción ganadera con escaso manejo silvopastoril sustentable. El objetivo fue discutir diferentes estrategias de manejo en las que el capital natural y el humano se combinan para coproducir los servicios ecosistémicos (SE) que brindan los sistemas silvopastoriles en los bosques nativos, interactuando con la biodiversidad y con diferentes funciones de los ecosistemas. Además, proponemos perspectivas para ser analizadas en un contexto de enfoques social-ecológicos en paisajes agroforestales. Se proponen cuatro tipos de estrategias teóricas (ganar-ganar, ganar-perder, perderganar y perder-perder) que definen los umbrales social-ecológicos y económicos que determinan la provisión de SE y biodiversidad a largo plazo. La evidencia de la estrategia ganar-perder ocurre cuando los sistemas silvopastoriles se manejan principalmente para aumentar la rentabilidad económica a través de incrementos en la biomasa forrajera, a fin de elevar la producción ganadera en el mediano y el largo plazo. La deforestación diferida se presentó como un ejemplo típico de estrategia perder-perder en la región del Chaco, basada en un manejo a corto plazo, obteniendo sólo cultivos de alto valor comercial (cultivos o productos pecuarios) sin considerar las interacciones negativas con otros SE y la pérdida de biodiversidad. La información proporcionada en este trabajo debería ayudar a los tomadores de decisión e investigadores a identificar los umbrales de rentabilidad económica y resiliencia ecológica en los ecosistemas bajo gestión. Los enfoques planteados proveen una visión utilitaria de los servicios ecosistémicos y aspectos claves de resiliencia social-ecológica.
Most of the native forests in Argentina are used for livestock production with lile sustainablesilvopastoral management. Our objective here is to discuss different management strategies where naturaland human capital are combined to co-produce ecosystem services (ES) provided by silvopastoral systems innative forests, interacting with different ecosystem functions and biodiversity. Also, we provide perspectivesthat should be analyzed in a context of socio-ecological approaches in agro-forestry landscapes. Four types oftheoretical strategies are proposed (win-win, win-lose, lose-win and lose-lose), which define the social-ecologicaland economic thresholds that determine the provision of ES and biodiversity in the long term. The evidenceof the win-lose strategy occurs when the silvopastoral systems are managed mainly to increase economicprofitability through increments in forage biomass aimed to increase livestock production in the medium andlong term. Deferred deforestation was presented as a typical example of lose-lose strategy in the Chaco regionbased on short-term management strategies by only obtaining commodities (crops or livestock products)without considering the negative interactions with other ES and loss of biodiversity. The information providedin this work should assist stakeholders and researchers to identify thresholds of economic profitability andecological resilience in ecosystems under management. The proposed approaches provide a utilitarian visionof ecosystem services and key aspects of social-ecological resilience.
Most of the native forests in Argentina are used for livestock production with lile sustainablesilvopastoral management. Our objective here is to discuss different management strategies where naturaland human capital are combined to co-produce ecosystem services (ES) provided by silvopastoral systems innative forests, interacting with different ecosystem functions and biodiversity. Also, we provide perspectivesthat should be analyzed in a context of socio-ecological approaches in agro-forestry landscapes. Four types oftheoretical strategies are proposed (win-win, win-lose, lose-win and lose-lose), which define the social-ecologicaland economic thresholds that determine the provision of ES and biodiversity in the long term. The evidenceof the win-lose strategy occurs when the silvopastoral systems are managed mainly to increase economicprofitability through increments in forage biomass aimed to increase livestock production in the medium andlong term. Deferred deforestation was presented as a typical example of lose-lose strategy in the Chaco regionbased on short-term management strategies by only obtaining commodities (crops or livestock products)without considering the negative interactions with other ES and loss of biodiversity. The information providedin this work should assist stakeholders and researchers to identify thresholds of economic profitability andecological resilience in ecosystems under management. The proposed approaches provide a utilitarian visionof ecosystem services and key aspects of social-ecological resilience.
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