Propiedades acústicas de las oclusivas simples y eyectivas en nivacle (mataguaya)
; Espinosa, Gonzalo Eduardo 
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12/2023
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Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Lenguas
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Quintú Quimün
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2591-541X
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La oposición de la serie de oclusivas en base al rasgo glotis constreñida [g.c.] solamente se registra en aproximadamente un 16 % de los inventarios fonológicos de las lenguas del mundo (Maddieson 1984). En la lengua nivacle (mataguaya), el contraste pulmónico vs. eyectivo involucra distintos puntos y modos de articulación, pero solamente ocurre en posición de ataque. En base a muestras de habla controlada tomadas con un hablante nivacle de la comunidad Uj’e Lhavos, Paraguay, este trabajo presenta un estudio fonético de las oclusivas sordas y eyectivas. A partir de 118 repeticiones de palabras, se obtuvieron 590 valores, que se computaron estadísticamente de manera descriptiva e inferencial por medio de ANOVAS. Se consideró el tipo de sonido según el mecanismo de la corriente de aire y el lugar de articulación, y se analizaron las siguientes medidas acústicas: (i) la duración del cierre, (ii) el tiempo del inicio de la voz (VOT), (iii) la perturbación dela frecuencia fundamental (F0), (iv) el jitter y (v) la transición a la amplitud máxima (rise time). Los parámetros acústicos utilizados permiten distinguirlos tipos de oclusivas de manera significativa.
The opposition of the series of stops based on the constricted glottis feature [c.g.] –i.e., pulmonic vs. ejectives– only occurs in approximately 16% of the phonological inventories of the world’s languages (Maddieson 1984). In Nivacle (Mataguayan), the pulmonic vs. ejective contrast involves ˆ different places and modes of articulation, but only occurs in onset position. Based on an elicitation task with a Nivacle speaker from the Uj’e Lhavos ˆ community, Paraguay, this paper presents a preliminary acoustic study of voiceless and ejective stops. Based on 118 repetitions of words, 590 values were obtained, which were statistically computed in a descriptive and inferential way by means of ANOVAS. The type of sound was analyzed according to the airstream mechanism and the place of articulation. The following acoustic measures were analyzed: (i) duration of the closure, (ii) voice onset time (VOT), (iii) perturbation of the fundamental frequency (F0), (iv) jitter, and (v) rise time. The results show statistically significant values for the distinction of the stops under study.
The opposition of the series of stops based on the constricted glottis feature [c.g.] –i.e., pulmonic vs. ejectives– only occurs in approximately 16% of the phonological inventories of the world’s languages (Maddieson 1984). In Nivacle (Mataguayan), the pulmonic vs. ejective contrast involves ˆ different places and modes of articulation, but only occurs in onset position. Based on an elicitation task with a Nivacle speaker from the Uj’e Lhavos ˆ community, Paraguay, this paper presents a preliminary acoustic study of voiceless and ejective stops. Based on 118 repetitions of words, 590 values were obtained, which were statistically computed in a descriptive and inferential way by means of ANOVAS. The type of sound was analyzed according to the airstream mechanism and the place of articulation. The following acoustic measures were analyzed: (i) duration of the closure, (ii) voice onset time (VOT), (iii) perturbation of the fundamental frequency (F0), (iv) jitter, and (v) rise time. The results show statistically significant values for the distinction of the stops under study.
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