Versatile surface chemistry of Carbon based Nanoplatforms by covalent bonding, non-covalent linking, crosslinking, and self-assembling

Abstract

This mini-review discussed the best-known chemical and synthetic methodologies used in the last years to modify carbon allotropes, with an interest in nanotechnology. In this perspective, chemistry with optoelectronics applications and recent trends within bio-applications focusing mainly on graphene and its derivatives were considered. So, the mini-review intended to focus on methodologies to add functional groups with varied reactivities, polymer chemistry, and nanoscale control. These methodologies provide insight for further developments. In this manner, traditional methods using strong acid media to convert simple carbon bonds into carboxylic acid and aldehydes organic functional groups were shown and discussed. Hence, chemical modifications in a variety of solvents could be developed. Notably, many organic chemical reactions, such as bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2), click chemistry, and photochemical reactions, showed essential insights in designing the carbon-based material modifications and the bottom-up method.