Justicia de paz y cultura jurídica en el largo siglo XIX en Mendoza (Argentina). El caso del departamento de San Rafael en el sur provincial

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2010-03-23
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Ecole des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales
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Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos
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1626-0252
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Publicado como parte del Dossier "Justicias, jueces y culturas jurídicas en el siglo XIX rioplatense", coordinado por Darío Barriera, el trabajo estudia en primer lugar la configuración legal de la institución de la justicia de paz en la Provincia de Mendoza (Argentina) a lo largo del siglo XIX. El recorrido se realiza tratando de evitar una mirada teleológica en la que los jueces indianos de menor cuantía sean tenidos como un antecedente imperfecto de los futuros jueces de paz. Asimismo no se considera a los jueces territoriales surgidos en la primera mitad del siglo XIX como una simple etapa inicial de la institución tal como se presentaba a fines del mismo, en plena vigencia de la codificación. La idea es atender tanto a las continuidades provenientes del período indiano como a la convergencia de otras tradiciones doctrinales e institucionales. En la segunda parte del trabajo, se intenta un acercamiento al rol de esta magistratura en la sociedad local, mediante el estudio de las prácticas institucionales en el tránsito al siglo XX. Para ello se cuenta con un grupo de legajos correspondientes a los juzgados de paz del departamento mendocino de San Rafael, entre 1898 y 1909, cuyos datos se complementan con los ofrecidos por los libros notariales, en parte también a cargo de los jueces de paz.
This article studies in the first place the legal configuration of the institution of the justice of peace in the Province of Mendoza (Argentina) throughout century XIX. The route is realised trying to avoid a teleological glance, in which the Indian judges of smaller quantity are considered like an imperfect antecedent of the future judges of peace, as well the territorial judges of the first half from century XIX are not considered like a simple initial stage of the institution as she appeared by the end of the same, in the heat of use of the codification. The idea is to take care of so much the originating continuities of the Indian period like the convergence of other doctrinal and institutional traditions. In the second part of the work, an approach to the roll of this magistrature in the local society is tried, by means of the study of the institutional practices in the transit to century XX; one looks for, in other words, to sight if the peace justice constituted an instance of resolution of the daily conflicts of that local society. In order to it, there are a group of documents corresponding to the courts of peace of the mendocino department of San Rafael, between 1898 and 1909, whose data are complemented with the offered ones by notarial books, partly also in charge of the peace judges.
This article studies in the first place the legal configuration of the institution of the justice of peace in the Province of Mendoza (Argentina) throughout century XIX. The route is realised trying to avoid a teleological glance, in which the Indian judges of smaller quantity are considered like an imperfect antecedent of the future judges of peace, as well the territorial judges of the first half from century XIX are not considered like a simple initial stage of the institution as she appeared by the end of the same, in the heat of use of the codification. The idea is to take care of so much the originating continuities of the Indian period like the convergence of other doctrinal and institutional traditions. In the second part of the work, an approach to the roll of this magistrature in the local society is tried, by means of the study of the institutional practices in the transit to century XX; one looks for, in other words, to sight if the peace justice constituted an instance of resolution of the daily conflicts of that local society. In order to it, there are a group of documents corresponding to the courts of peace of the mendocino department of San Rafael, between 1898 and 1909, whose data are complemented with the offered ones by notarial books, partly also in charge of the peace judges.
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