Technological Evolution of Hormone Delivery Systems for Estrous Synchronization in Cattle

Abstract

This paper reviews the evolution of hormone delivery systems and discusses future technological trends in the field. From intravaginal devices to recent advances in nano and microcapsules will be reviewed. The description of delivery systems manufacture processes, their advantages and disadvantages and the reasons for their success and eventual decline will be described. The increment of the Global demand of animal products, the need for cost reduction, the limited fertile land, the competition with agriculture and the preservation of biodiversity were identified as the driving forces for technological evolution of hormone delivery systems. Micro and nanoencapsulation processes, biomaterials and subcutaneous delivery routes dominate actual research topics. Neuronal targeted drugs administrated through non-invasive routes are speculated as one of the most promising future drug delivery system for estrous synchronization in livestock.