Mar del Plata y Necochea: cara y ceca de la industria pesquera argentina tras la reestructuración capitalista (1970-2013)

Otros responsables
Fecha
01/2017
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Grupo de Estudios Sociales Marítimo
Revista
Revista de Estudios Marítimos y Sociales
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
2545-6237
eISSN
2545-6237
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Español
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Resumen
Las ciudades-puerto de Mar del Plata y Necochea –ubicadas en el sur de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina- resultaron ampliamente reconfiguradas a partir del impacto de la reestructuración capitalista iniciada en la década del ’70 y los cambios que provocó en la industria pesquera. La hegemonía del capital financiero en la etapa imperialista implicó una creciente monopolización dada por una mayor concentración empresarial, procesos de relocalización y el concomitante cierre de numerosos establecimientos fabriles de menor escala, lo cual se tradujo en la pérdida de miles de fuentes laborales en la rama. En el caso necochense, el resultado fue el progresivo desmantelamiento de la totalidad del enclave industrial. La precarización laboral que acompañó el desalojo obrero del sector asumió la forma de cooperativas fraudulentas en el caso marplatense y de cooperativas enmarcadas en empresas recuperadas en Necochea. Durante estos procesos, estos trabajadores protagonizaron diversos hechos de conflictividad social que han llegado a grados de alta radicalización. Aquí presentaremos algunos de los rasgos que caracterizan la trayectoria entre el inicio de la declinación de la industria pesquera hasta el año 2013 en ambas localizaciones portuarias, con datos provenientes del análisis de fuentes bibliográficas, documentos públicos y la memoria obrera.
The port cities of Mar del Plata and Necochea –located in the south of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina– were largely reconfigured due to the impact of the capitalist restructuring beginning in the 1970s and the changes it caused in the fishing industry. The hegemony of financial capital in the imperialist era implied a growing monopolization owing to a greater concentration of companies, relocation processes and the concomitant closure of many small scale manufacturing establishments, which resulted in the loss of thousands of job positions in the branch. In the case of Necochea, the result was the progressive dismantling of the entire industrial enclave. The job insecurity that accompanied the workers' eviction took the form of fraudulent cooperatives in the Mar del Plata case and of cooperatives framed in companies recovered in Necochea. During these processes, these workers carried out various actions of social conflictivity that have reached high degrees of radicalization, such as the social outbreak and the occupation of business ownership by the workers. Here we present some of the traits that characterize the trajectory between the beginning of the decline of the fishing industry until 2013 in both port locations, with data from the analysis of bibliographical sources, public documents and workers' memory.
The port cities of Mar del Plata and Necochea –located in the south of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina– were largely reconfigured due to the impact of the capitalist restructuring beginning in the 1970s and the changes it caused in the fishing industry. The hegemony of financial capital in the imperialist era implied a growing monopolization owing to a greater concentration of companies, relocation processes and the concomitant closure of many small scale manufacturing establishments, which resulted in the loss of thousands of job positions in the branch. In the case of Necochea, the result was the progressive dismantling of the entire industrial enclave. The job insecurity that accompanied the workers' eviction took the form of fraudulent cooperatives in the Mar del Plata case and of cooperatives framed in companies recovered in Necochea. During these processes, these workers carried out various actions of social conflictivity that have reached high degrees of radicalization, such as the social outbreak and the occupation of business ownership by the workers. Here we present some of the traits that characterize the trajectory between the beginning of the decline of the fishing industry until 2013 in both port locations, with data from the analysis of bibliographical sources, public documents and workers' memory.
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