Biofumigación con Brassicáceas: actividad supresora sobre Fusarium graminearum

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Fecha
10/2012
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Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales
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Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales
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0041-8676
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La biofumigación es una alternativa potencial al bromuro de metilo. Consiste en la incorporación en el suelo de residuos orgánicos, que generan durante su descomposición sustancias con actividad biocida. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar in vitro el efecto biofumigante de mostaza parda (Brassica juncea L. Czerniak) y de mostaza blanca (Sinapis alba L.), en el estadio de plena fructificación, sobre el crecimiento de Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, patógeno ampliamente difundido. Se evaluaron dos dosis de 10 y 40 g de material vegetal triturado de cada una de las especies, colocándolo en recipientes de aluminio. Sobre el material vegetal se apoyó una caja de petri con medio Nash & Snyder, que contenía en el centro un disco de 5 mm de diámetro con micelio de F. graminearum. Posteriormente se selló con film e incubó a 20 ° C en oscuridad durante 14 días. Fin alizado este período, se midió el crecimiento radial de las colonias, y se calculó la superficie y el porcentaje de crecimiento con respecto al tratamiento control sin biofumigante. Sinapis alba y B. juncea presentaron efecto supresor del crecimiento de F. graminearum cultivado in vitro (crecimiento menor al 50% del control). No se observaron diferencias significativas entre las dosis utilizadas. Estos resultados sugieren que B. juncea y S. alba presentan potencial para inhibir el crecimiento in vitro de F. graminearum.
Biofumigation is a potential alternative to the use of methyl bromide. It consists of the incorporation into the soil of organic debris that generates biocidal compounds during its decomposition. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro biofumigant effect of brown mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czerniak) and white mustard (Sinapis alba L.), at the fructification stage, on the growth of Fusarium graminearum Schwabe. Two doses (10 and 40 g) of macerated plant material from each of the species studied were placed in aluminum recipients. Petri dishes with Nash & Snyder medium and a disc of 5 mm in diameter with F. graminearum were placed on top of the plant material. Aluminum recipients were then sealed and incubated at 20 ° C in darkness for 14 days. After that, the radial growth of the colonies was measured and this value was used to calculate the surface and growth percentage with respect to the control without biofumigant. Sinapis alba and B. juncea showed suppressive growth effect on F. graminearum (growth less than 50% of control). No significant differences were found between doses. These results suggest that B. juncea and S. alba have potential for in vitro control of F. graminearum.
Biofumigation is a potential alternative to the use of methyl bromide. It consists of the incorporation into the soil of organic debris that generates biocidal compounds during its decomposition. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro biofumigant effect of brown mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czerniak) and white mustard (Sinapis alba L.), at the fructification stage, on the growth of Fusarium graminearum Schwabe. Two doses (10 and 40 g) of macerated plant material from each of the species studied were placed in aluminum recipients. Petri dishes with Nash & Snyder medium and a disc of 5 mm in diameter with F. graminearum were placed on top of the plant material. Aluminum recipients were then sealed and incubated at 20 ° C in darkness for 14 days. After that, the radial growth of the colonies was measured and this value was used to calculate the surface and growth percentage with respect to the control without biofumigant. Sinapis alba and B. juncea showed suppressive growth effect on F. graminearum (growth less than 50% of control). No significant differences were found between doses. These results suggest that B. juncea and S. alba have potential for in vitro control of F. graminearum.
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