Péptidos antimicrobianos de plantas
; Martínez Ceron, María Camila
; Romero, Stella Maris
; Cascone, Osvaldo
; Camperi, Silvia Andrea
; Giudicessi, Silvana Laura 
Otros responsables
Fecha
08/2018
Editorial
Academia Nacional de Farmacia y Bioquímica
Revista
Revista Farmacéutica
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ISSN
0034-9496
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Resumen
Los péptidos antimicrobianos (AMPs por sus siglas en inglés) son pequeñas moléculas con menos de 50 aminoácidos, principalmente con carga positiva e importantes propiedades antibacterianas y antifúngicas. Se cree que el principal mecanismo de acción contra los diferentes patógenos es la ruptura de membranas, que puede darse mediante tres modos de acción (modelo de duela de barril, modelo de agujero de gusano (o poro toroide) y modelo de alfombra). Particularmente en las plantas, la mayoría de los AMPs son ricos en cisteínas, lo que permite la formación de numerosos puentes disulfuro (entre dos y seis). Esta característica les da el nombre de CRPs (cysteine-rich peptides) o péptidos ricos en cisteínas. Los puentes disulfuro les confieren a los AMPs una alta estabilidad química, térmica y proteolítica. En este trabajo se describen las características de siete familias: defensinas, tioninas, heveínas, knotinas, α-harpininas, Proteínas de Transferencia de Lípidos (LTPs) y snakinas. Cada familia presenta propiedades distintivas, si bien existen semejanzas entre ellas, como sus propiedades antimicrobianas y fragmentos de secuencias de aminoácidos comunes. Considerando que dichos péptidos han participado por milenios en la defensa de las plantas por su eficiencia y estabilidad, ésto los convierte en ventajosos frente a los fármacos actuales más susceptibles a generar resistencia. Se cree que su estudio y explotación podrá servir en el futuro en aplicaciones en la industria agrícola, farmacéutica y biotecnológica, lo que mejoraría la calidad de vida.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are mainly positive charged small molecules of less than 50 amino acids, with antibacterial and antifungal properties. The main mechanism of action against pathogens is the cell membrane disruption, which can occur through three modes of action: barrel-stave model, the worm hole (or toroid pore) model, and carpet model. Particularly in plants, most of the AMPs are cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs), which allow the formation of numerous disulfide bridges (between two and six). The disulfide bridges give the AMPs a high chemical, thermal and proteolytic stability. In this work, the characteristics of seven families are described: defensins, thionins, heveins, knottins, α-harpinines, Lipid Transfer Proteins (LTPs) and snakines. Each family has distinctive properties, although there are similarities between them, such as their antimicrobial properties and common amino acid sequences. Considering that these peptides have participated for millennia in the defense of plants due to their efficiency and stability, this makes them advantageous compared to the current drugs that are more susceptible to generate resistance. Theirs study and exploitation could be useful for future applications in the agricultural, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry, which will improve the life quality.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are mainly positive charged small molecules of less than 50 amino acids, with antibacterial and antifungal properties. The main mechanism of action against pathogens is the cell membrane disruption, which can occur through three modes of action: barrel-stave model, the worm hole (or toroid pore) model, and carpet model. Particularly in plants, most of the AMPs are cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs), which allow the formation of numerous disulfide bridges (between two and six). The disulfide bridges give the AMPs a high chemical, thermal and proteolytic stability. In this work, the characteristics of seven families are described: defensins, thionins, heveins, knottins, α-harpinines, Lipid Transfer Proteins (LTPs) and snakines. Each family has distinctive properties, although there are similarities between them, such as their antimicrobial properties and common amino acid sequences. Considering that these peptides have participated for millennia in the defense of plants due to their efficiency and stability, this makes them advantageous compared to the current drugs that are more susceptible to generate resistance. Theirs study and exploitation could be useful for future applications in the agricultural, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry, which will improve the life quality.
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