Las ambigüedades del miedo: Un análisis etnográfico sobre inseguridades en una villa de Córdoba, Argentina

Otros responsables
Fecha
03/2019
Editorial
Revista do Centro em Rede de Investigacao em Antropologia
Revista
Etnográfica
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
0873-6561
eISSN
2182-2891
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Español
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Resumen
Desde hace más de una década en Argentina se ha venido gestando una profunda preocupación por la problemática social de la inseguridad. Esta categoría es a menudo relacionada con el miedo al delito desde la agenda política y algunos sectores sociales, principalmente las clases medias y altas y algunos medios de comunicación. Desde estas perspectivas se tienden a juzgar como peligrosas a personas, principalmente jóvenes hombres, que viven en villas y barrios pobres. A partir de un intenso trabajo de campo en 2009-2015, he podido observar que en villa La Tela se configuran diferentes representaciones y prácticas en relación con el miedo. Estas se vinculan con los estigmas que se construyen sobre ese lugar y sus habitantes, con las desventajas materiales de la vida en la villa, con la precariedad laboral, entre otras cuestiones. El miedo es una construcción relacional, y a veces ambigua, que presenta al menos una doble faceta entre quienes temen y quienes son temidos. Algunos jóvenes se apropian de esos estigmas de peligrosidad y maldad que les son asignados “haciéndose los malos” para conseguir diversos fines, como dinero, mujeres y respeto. Es decir, invierten el miedo usando el miedo como capital en un contexto social donde escasean otros tipos de capitales.
For more than a decade a deep concern for the social problems of insecurity has been developing in Argentina. This category is often related to the fear of crime in the political agenda and among some social sectors, mainly the middle and upper classes and some media. From these perspectives, those who live in slums, and mainly young men, tend to be judged as dangerous people. Through intensive fieldwork in 2009-2015, I have been able to observe how in the La Tela slum, fear is diverse and is not sensed necessarily as related to insecurity, but to the stigmas that are built about that place and its people, the material disadvantages of life in the slum, precarious work, among other issues. Additionally, fear is a relational, and sometimes ambiguous, construction that is at least double-sided, for there are those who fear and those who are feared. Some young people appropriate those stigmas of danger and evil that are assigned to them and assume the attitude of “bad guys” for purposes such as getting money, women, and respect. In other words, they use fear as a capital in a social context where other types of capital are scarce.
For more than a decade a deep concern for the social problems of insecurity has been developing in Argentina. This category is often related to the fear of crime in the political agenda and among some social sectors, mainly the middle and upper classes and some media. From these perspectives, those who live in slums, and mainly young men, tend to be judged as dangerous people. Through intensive fieldwork in 2009-2015, I have been able to observe how in the La Tela slum, fear is diverse and is not sensed necessarily as related to insecurity, but to the stigmas that are built about that place and its people, the material disadvantages of life in the slum, precarious work, among other issues. Additionally, fear is a relational, and sometimes ambiguous, construction that is at least double-sided, for there are those who fear and those who are feared. Some young people appropriate those stigmas of danger and evil that are assigned to them and assume the attitude of “bad guys” for purposes such as getting money, women, and respect. In other words, they use fear as a capital in a social context where other types of capital are scarce.
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