La decisión judicial sobre los hechos y el derecho: un argumento por analogía

Otros responsables
Fecha
06/2024
Editorial
Unión Nacional de Juristas de Cuba
Revista
Cubana de Derecho
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
0864-165X
eISSN
2788-6670
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Resumen
En el presente trabajo se propone una analogía entre la decisión sobre los hechos que se discuten en un proceso judicial (la quaestio facti) y la decisión referida al derecho aplicable a tales hechos (la quaestio iuris). En primer lugar, se identifica un conjunto de propiedades relevantes que ambas decisiones tienen en común. En segundo lugar, y sobre la base de estas características compartidas, se intenta mostrar que algunas tesis que se consideran pacíficamente aplicables al primer tipo de decisión habrían de ser aceptadas también respecto del segundo. En particular, cabría admitir que, en el marco de un estado de derecho, ambas decisiones apuntan a captar con verdad un dato preexistente y que, en tal sentido, la exigencia de justificarlas hace referencia a una exigencia de justificación epistémica. De este modo, se argumenta, el valor de verdad al que se aspira no es solo un valor epistémico, sino también un valor político-moral. Asimismo, a partir de la analogía propuesta, se sostiene que específicos principios e instituciones comúnmente aceptados respecto de la decisión de la quaestio facti (como la oportunidad de regular la admisibilidad, la valoración o las condiciones de suficiencia de las pruebas/argumentos aportados) podrían ser legítimamente aplicables también a la decisión de la quaestio iuris.
This essay proposes an analogy between the decision on the facts at issue in a court case (the quaestio facti) and the decision on the law applicable to those facts (the quaestio iuris). Firstly, it identifies a number of relevant features that both decisions have in common. Secondly, on the basis of these common features, it attempts to show that some theses that are considered peacefully applicable to the former type of decision should also be accepted in relation to the latter. In particular, it could be admitted that, in the context of a state that accepts the principles of the rule of law, both decisions aim to truthfully record a preexisting fact and that, in this sense, the requirement to justify them refers to a requirement of epistemic justification. In this way, it is argued, the truth-value sought is not only an epistemic value, but also a political-moral value. Moreover, on the basis of the proposed analogy, it is argued that certain principles and institutions that are generally recognised in relation to quaestio facti decisions (such as the possibility of regulating the admissibility, the evaluation or the conditions of sufficiency of the evidence/arguments presented) could legitimately be applicable to quaestio iuris decisions as well.
This essay proposes an analogy between the decision on the facts at issue in a court case (the quaestio facti) and the decision on the law applicable to those facts (the quaestio iuris). Firstly, it identifies a number of relevant features that both decisions have in common. Secondly, on the basis of these common features, it attempts to show that some theses that are considered peacefully applicable to the former type of decision should also be accepted in relation to the latter. In particular, it could be admitted that, in the context of a state that accepts the principles of the rule of law, both decisions aim to truthfully record a preexisting fact and that, in this sense, the requirement to justify them refers to a requirement of epistemic justification. In this way, it is argued, the truth-value sought is not only an epistemic value, but also a political-moral value. Moreover, on the basis of the proposed analogy, it is argued that certain principles and institutions that are generally recognised in relation to quaestio facti decisions (such as the possibility of regulating the admissibility, the evaluation or the conditions of sufficiency of the evidence/arguments presented) could legitimately be applicable to quaestio iuris decisions as well.
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