Economía Circular: potencial de la vinaza sucro-alcoholera como medio de cultivo para microorganismos promotores del crecimiento vegetal
; Nieto Peñalver, Carlos Gabriel
; Pajot, Hipolito Fernando
; González Pardo, Gisela ; Michelena Alvarez, Georgina Otros responsables
Fecha
01/2026
Editorial
Instituto Cubano de Investigaciones de los Derivados de la Caña de Azúcar
Revista
ICIDCA sobre los derivados de la caña de azúcar
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Institución organizadora
ISSN
1727-0286
eISSN
2410-8529
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Español
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Resumen
Introducción. La vinaza, subproducto líquido de la industria sucroalcoholera, presenta gran potencial contaminante, pero también biotecnológico en un contexto de economía circular.Objetivo. Revalorizar la vinaza como posible medio de cultivo para la producción de inoculantes agrícolas sustentables.Materiales y métodos. Se emplearon cepas de T. harzianum Th2 (colección PROIMI) y B. subtilis B/23 45-10 Nato, deI Instituto Cubano de Investigaciones de la caña de Azúcar. La vinaza, obtenida durante la zafra 2025, fue caracterizada (pH, conductividad, DQO, DBO, sólidos totales y fraccionados). Se evaluó la tolerancia de los microorganismos a la vinaza al 10, 20, 50, 75 y 100 % (v/v). La viabilidad de B/23-45-10 Nato se evaluó por recuento de UFC. El crecimiento de Th2 se determinó por peso seco.Resultados y discusión. La vinaza mostró pH ácido (4.02), alta conductividad (8.25 mS•cm-¹) y elevados valores de DQO/DBO (55.924/23.333 mg•L-¹). B/23-45-10 Nato mantuvo viabilidad en todas las concentraciones hasta 100 %, sin aumento significativo de UFC respecto al inóculo. Th2 creció en todas las condiciones evaluadas, el peso seco fue significativamente mayor en vinaza al 50 y 75 %.Conclusiones. La vinaza posee un potencial diferencial como medio de cultivo, dependiendo del microorganismo. Para T. harzianum Th2, la vinaza al 50 y 75 % favorecieron el crecimiento, lo que indica que esta puede actuar como fuente de nutriente. En contraste, B. subtilis B/23-45-10 Nato mantuvo su viabilidad, aunque sin incremento en el número de células viables, lo que sugiere que la vinaza podría limitar su proliferación. En conjunto, los resultados respaldan la viabilidad de utilizar vinaza para la formulación de medios de cultivo.
Introducción. Vinasse, a liquid byproduct of the sugar-alcohol industry, has great polluting potential, and also biotechnological opportunities within a circular economy context. Objective. To revalue vinasse as a possible culture medium for the production of sustainable agricultural inoculants. Materials and methods. Strains of T. harzianum Th2 (PROIMI collection) and B. subtilis B/23-45-10 Nato, from the Cuban Institute of Sugarcane Research, were used. Vinasse, obtained during the 2025 harvest, was characterized (pH, conductivity, COD, BOD, total and fractional solids). The tolerance of the microorganisms to vinasse at 10, 20, 50, 75, and 100% (v/v) concentrations was evaluated. The viability of *B/23-45-10* Nato was assessed by colony-forming units (CFU). Th2 growth was determined by dry weight. Results and discussion. The vinasse showed an acidic pH (4.02), high conductivity (8.25 mS•cm-¹), and elevated COD/BOD values (55.924/23.333 mg•L- ¹). B/23-45-10 Nato maintained viability at all concentrations up to 100%, with no significant increase in CFU compared to the inoculum. Th2 grew under all conditions evaluated, with significantly higher dry weight in vinasse at 50% and 75%. Conclusions. Vinasse has a differential potential as a culture medium, depending on the microorganism. For T. harzianum Th2, 50% and 75% vinasse favored growth, indicating it can act as a nutrient source. In contrast, B. subtilis B/23-45-10 Nato maintained its viability, although without an increase in the number of viable cells, suggesting vinasse might limit its proliferation. Overall, the results support the feasibility of using vinasse for culture media formulation.
Introducción. Vinasse, a liquid byproduct of the sugar-alcohol industry, has great polluting potential, and also biotechnological opportunities within a circular economy context. Objective. To revalue vinasse as a possible culture medium for the production of sustainable agricultural inoculants. Materials and methods. Strains of T. harzianum Th2 (PROIMI collection) and B. subtilis B/23-45-10 Nato, from the Cuban Institute of Sugarcane Research, were used. Vinasse, obtained during the 2025 harvest, was characterized (pH, conductivity, COD, BOD, total and fractional solids). The tolerance of the microorganisms to vinasse at 10, 20, 50, 75, and 100% (v/v) concentrations was evaluated. The viability of *B/23-45-10* Nato was assessed by colony-forming units (CFU). Th2 growth was determined by dry weight. Results and discussion. The vinasse showed an acidic pH (4.02), high conductivity (8.25 mS•cm-¹), and elevated COD/BOD values (55.924/23.333 mg•L- ¹). B/23-45-10 Nato maintained viability at all concentrations up to 100%, with no significant increase in CFU compared to the inoculum. Th2 grew under all conditions evaluated, with significantly higher dry weight in vinasse at 50% and 75%. Conclusions. Vinasse has a differential potential as a culture medium, depending on the microorganism. For T. harzianum Th2, 50% and 75% vinasse favored growth, indicating it can act as a nutrient source. In contrast, B. subtilis B/23-45-10 Nato maintained its viability, although without an increase in the number of viable cells, suggesting vinasse might limit its proliferation. Overall, the results support the feasibility of using vinasse for culture media formulation.
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