Fossil alouattines and the origins of Alouatta: Craniodental diversity and interrelationships
; Hartwig, Walter C. ; Novo, Nelson Martin
; Muños Saba, Yaneth Fecha
2015
Editorial
Springer
Revista
Título del libro
Howler Monkeys: Adaptive radiation, systematics, and morphology
Nombre del evento
Fecha del evento
Institución organizadora
ISSN
eISSN
ISBN
978-1-4939-1956-7
Idioma
Inglés
Tipo del evento
Clasificación temática
Palabras clave
Resumen
El clado de los monos aulladores incluye las especies de Alouatta y cuatro géneros extintos, Stirtonia, Paralouatta, Protopithecus y probablemente Solimoea . Contrario a las expectativas, esta radiación pudo haberse originado a partir de hábitos frugívoros. La avanzada folivoría de Alouatta es una novedad desarrollada solamente en el sublinaje de Alouatta- Stirtonia. Las estimaciones de masa corporal ubican a Stirtonia y Paralouatta dentro del rango que exhiben las formas vivientes y confi rman la posición de Protopithecus en un rango de tamaño mayor, similar al de los babuinos africanos. Considerando que la dentición es más primitiva que el patrón observado en Alouatta- Stirtonia, la anatomía craneana de Protopithecus y Paralouatta es similar a la de los aulladores vivientes debido a los rasgos altamente especializados relacionados al agrandamiento del espacio sub-basal en el cuello, así como en la posición de la cabeza, sugiriendo que los alouatinos ancestrales pudieron haber tenido un gran aparato hiolaríngeo. Todos los alouatinos también presentan un cerebro pequeño, incluyendo Protopithecus , género que probablemente haya sido frugívoro. El origen exitoso del clado de los alouatinos pudo deberse más a adaptaciones de comunicación y energéticas que a cambios dentarios o locomotores. Mientras que el registro fósil confi rma ciertos aspectos de análisis de caracteres previos basados en formas vivientes, los alouatinos experimentaron una complejidad de adaptaciones cuya historia no podría reconstruirse sin el registro fósil.
The howler monkey clade includes species of Alouatta and four extinct genera, Stirtonia, Paralouatta, Protopithecus, and probably Solimoea as well. Contrary to expectations, this radiation may have originated as a largely frugivorous group; advanced, Alouatta-like leaf-eating is a novelty well-developed in the Alouatta-Stirtonia sublineage only. Revised body mass estimates place Stirtonia and Paralouatta within the size range exhibited by the living forms and confirm the place of Protopithecus in a larger, baboon-like size range. While their dentitions are more primitive than the Alouatta-Stirtonia pattern, the cranial anatomy of Protopithecus and Paralouatta is distinctly similar to living howler monkeys in highly derived features relating to enlargement of the subbasal space in the neck and in head carriage, suggesting that ancestral alouattines may have had an enlarged hyolaryngeal apparatus. All alouattines also have relatively small brains, including Protopithecus, a genus that was probably quite frugivorous. The successful origins of the alouattine clade may owe more to key adaptations involving communication and energetics than dental or locomotor breakthroughs. While the fossil record confirms aspects of previous character-analysis reconstructions based on the living forms, alouattines experienced a complexity of adaptive shifts whose history cannot be recoverable without a more complete fossil record.
The howler monkey clade includes species of Alouatta and four extinct genera, Stirtonia, Paralouatta, Protopithecus, and probably Solimoea as well. Contrary to expectations, this radiation may have originated as a largely frugivorous group; advanced, Alouatta-like leaf-eating is a novelty well-developed in the Alouatta-Stirtonia sublineage only. Revised body mass estimates place Stirtonia and Paralouatta within the size range exhibited by the living forms and confirm the place of Protopithecus in a larger, baboon-like size range. While their dentitions are more primitive than the Alouatta-Stirtonia pattern, the cranial anatomy of Protopithecus and Paralouatta is distinctly similar to living howler monkeys in highly derived features relating to enlargement of the subbasal space in the neck and in head carriage, suggesting that ancestral alouattines may have had an enlarged hyolaryngeal apparatus. All alouattines also have relatively small brains, including Protopithecus, a genus that was probably quite frugivorous. The successful origins of the alouattine clade may owe more to key adaptations involving communication and energetics than dental or locomotor breakthroughs. While the fossil record confirms aspects of previous character-analysis reconstructions based on the living forms, alouattines experienced a complexity of adaptive shifts whose history cannot be recoverable without a more complete fossil record.
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