El parto de un desencuentro: el duelo peronismo comunismo en Argentina (1943-1955)

Otros responsables
Fecha
10/2020
Editorial
École des hautes études en sciences sociales
Revista
Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos
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eISSN
1626-0252
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Español
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Resumen
En este artículo se examinarán las raíces del divorcio entre peronismo y comunismo tomando en consideración cuatro aspectos centrales: la matriz militar a partir de la cual se inició la construcción del movimiento peronista, la disputa por la identidad colectiva de los trabajadores, el tipo de represión ejercida desde el ámbito gubernamental y la línea política desarrollada por los comunistas argentinos. El análisis de la matriz a partir de la cual se construyeron las relaciones entre peronistas y comunistas devela el papel central de la represión anticomunista que, a diferencia de la que tuvo lugar durante las décadas precedentes, era funcional a un actor estatal empeñado en disputar primero, y hegemonizar después, los sentidos de pertenencia de los trabajadores, es decir, tenía como blanco a su principal competidor en la clase obrera argentina. Ofrece, asimismo, una reconstrucción de las posiciones asumidas por el PC en relación a la oposición golpista. A tenor de estas consideraciones, se indaga en torno a las raíces de desencuentro entre ambas fuerzas políticas y sus consecuencias en el largo plazo.
This article examines the roots of the divorce between Peronism and Communism in Argentina, taking into consideration four central aspects: the military matrix from which the construction of the Peronist movement began; the dispute over the collective identity of the workers; the type of repression exercised by the government; and the political orientation developed by the Argentine communists. The analysis of the matrix from which the relations between Peronists and Communists were built reveals the central role of the anti-communist repression that, unlike that which took place during the previous decades, was functional to an State willing to first dispute and later hegemonize the workers' sense of belonging, that is, it targeted its main competitor in the Argentine working class. It also offers a reconstruction of the positions assumed by the Communist Party in relation to all the attempts at coup d’état. In light of these considerations, it researches the roots of the disagreement between the two political forces and its consequences in the long term.
This article examines the roots of the divorce between Peronism and Communism in Argentina, taking into consideration four central aspects: the military matrix from which the construction of the Peronist movement began; the dispute over the collective identity of the workers; the type of repression exercised by the government; and the political orientation developed by the Argentine communists. The analysis of the matrix from which the relations between Peronists and Communists were built reveals the central role of the anti-communist repression that, unlike that which took place during the previous decades, was functional to an State willing to first dispute and later hegemonize the workers' sense of belonging, that is, it targeted its main competitor in the Argentine working class. It also offers a reconstruction of the positions assumed by the Communist Party in relation to all the attempts at coup d’état. In light of these considerations, it researches the roots of the disagreement between the two political forces and its consequences in the long term.
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