La educación física de las mujeres en los noticiarios cinematográficos NO-DO y sucesos argentinos (1943-1955)

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Fecha
08/2023
Editorial
FahrenHouse
Revista
Espacio, Tiempo y Educación
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2340-7263
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Español
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Resumen
La irrupción del cine trajo consigo su utilización como dispositivo propagandístico con la que transmitir ideales y doctrinas. Debido a ello nacieron los noticiarios y documentales cinematográficos con el objetivo de mostrar las noticias «más relevantes» del país y del extranjero. En este estudio se utilizan como fuentes primarias el NO-DO y los Sucesos Argentinos para interpretar las imágenes y los imaginarios que se proyectaron entre 1943 y 1955 sobre la cultura física femenina. La intención es comprender el discurso oficial de ambos regímenes políticos sobre cómo debían ser las sociedades argentina y española, y especialmente se revisan las significaciones sobre las mujeres. En total se han hallado 69 números del NO-DO y 14 ediciones de los Sucesos Argentinos donde se muestra la educación física femenina en este periodo. El objetivo de esa actividad era fortalecer el cuerpo de la mujer para que desempeñase sus «funciones naturales» (madre, esposa, ama de casa), así como resaltar su «inferioridad» con respecto al hombre a través de actividades de menor impacto. Se comparan imágenes ofrecidas en países con regímenes diferentes, y se observa que la finalidad era similar dada la transversalidad del rol tradicional de las mujeres.
The advent of cinema brought with it its use as a propaganda device with which to transmit ideals and doctrines. As a result, newsreels and cinema documentaries were born with the aim of showing the «most relevant» news of the country and abroad, the former with a shorter duration. In this study, the Spanish NO-DO and «Sucesos Argentinos» are used as primary sources to interpret the images and imaginaries that were projected between 1943 and 1955 on female physical culture. The intention is to understand the official discourse of both political regimes on what Argentinean and Spanish society should be like, especially by questioning those meanings about women. In total, 69 issues of NO-DO and 14 editions of «Sucesos Argentinos» have been found which aim to show female physical culture in this period. The female physical culture shown in both newsreels was aimed at strengthening women’s bodies so that they could carry out their «natural functions» (mother, wife, housewife), as well as highlighting their «inferiority» in relation to men through lower impact activities and the homogenization of bodies through clothing, and the performance of the same exercises in synchrony. And all this in countries with different regimes, but which, in the end, coincided.
The advent of cinema brought with it its use as a propaganda device with which to transmit ideals and doctrines. As a result, newsreels and cinema documentaries were born with the aim of showing the «most relevant» news of the country and abroad, the former with a shorter duration. In this study, the Spanish NO-DO and «Sucesos Argentinos» are used as primary sources to interpret the images and imaginaries that were projected between 1943 and 1955 on female physical culture. The intention is to understand the official discourse of both political regimes on what Argentinean and Spanish society should be like, especially by questioning those meanings about women. In total, 69 issues of NO-DO and 14 editions of «Sucesos Argentinos» have been found which aim to show female physical culture in this period. The female physical culture shown in both newsreels was aimed at strengthening women’s bodies so that they could carry out their «natural functions» (mother, wife, housewife), as well as highlighting their «inferiority» in relation to men through lower impact activities and the homogenization of bodies through clothing, and the performance of the same exercises in synchrony. And all this in countries with different regimes, but which, in the end, coincided.
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