De la financiarización al enclave: La política de Milei en perspectiva histórica

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Fecha
06/2025
Editorial
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
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Ola Financiera
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1870-1442
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Español
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¿Es Milei simplemente un “loco con motosierra” que aplica un duro ajuste fiscal, o detrás de sus políticas subyace un modelo económico y social de largo plazo? Este artículo busca responder ese interrogante. La hipótesis planteada es que se trata de una reedición del modelo neoliberal financiarizado, que ya cuenta con experiencias previas en Argentina. Si bien el instrumental macroeconómico empleado hasta ahora no difiere significativamente de aquellas, existen nuevos actores que modifican la constelación social que sostiene a Milei. Entre ellos destaca una élite transnacional, cuya necesidad de acceder a recursos estratégicos busca consolidar la transformación impulsada desde los países centrales. Así, la estrategia de financiarización se complementa con una economía real cada vez más orientada a la explotación de recursos críticos bajo un esquema de enclave exportador. Tras la simbólica “motosierra”, además, se esconden medidas destinadas a generar irreversibilidades que aseguren la permanencia del modelo a largo plazo, ya sea mediante restricciones legales o mediante la destrucción de tejidos productivos y sociales capaces de impulsar alternativas distintas.
Is Milei merely a “chainsaw-wielding madman” imposing harsh fiscal austerity, or do his policies conceal a long-term economic and social model? This article aims to answer that question. The proposed hypothesis is that this represents a revival of the financialized neoliberal model, which has already been tested in Argentina. While the macroeconomic tools employed so far do not significantly differ from past experiments, new actors have emerged, altering the social constellation that supports Milei. Among them, a transnational elite stands out, driven by the need to secure access to strategic resources and consolidate a transformation orchestrated by core nations. Thus, the financialization strategy is paired with a real economy increasingly geared toward extracting critical resources under an export-enclave framework. Behind the symbolic “chainsaw” moreover, lie measures designed to create irreversible conditions that entrench the model longterm—whether through legal constraints or the dismantling of productive and social structures capable of fostering alternative paths.
Is Milei merely a “chainsaw-wielding madman” imposing harsh fiscal austerity, or do his policies conceal a long-term economic and social model? This article aims to answer that question. The proposed hypothesis is that this represents a revival of the financialized neoliberal model, which has already been tested in Argentina. While the macroeconomic tools employed so far do not significantly differ from past experiments, new actors have emerged, altering the social constellation that supports Milei. Among them, a transnational elite stands out, driven by the need to secure access to strategic resources and consolidate a transformation orchestrated by core nations. Thus, the financialization strategy is paired with a real economy increasingly geared toward extracting critical resources under an export-enclave framework. Behind the symbolic “chainsaw” moreover, lie measures designed to create irreversible conditions that entrench the model longterm—whether through legal constraints or the dismantling of productive and social structures capable of fostering alternative paths.
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