La prevalencia de geohelmintiasis se relaciona con las condiciones socioambientales
; Navone, Graciela Teresa 
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Fecha
05/2012
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Sociedad Iberoamericana de Información Científica
Revista
Salud I Ciencia
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1667-8982
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Español
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Resumen
Se realizó un estudio socioambiental y parasitológico en niños de áreas urbanas, periurbanas y rurales de las provincias de Buenos Aires y Misiones. Se completó una encuesta epidemiológica y se tomaron muestras fecales seriadas, las cuales se analizaron mediante técnicas de flotación y sedimentación. Del total de muestras fecales (1 893), 5.5% fueron positivas en Buenos Aires y 25.6% en Misiones. El área periurbana de Misiones presentó la mayor prevalencia de parasitosis total (34.1%) y de biparasitados y poliparasitados (45.4%). Las especies más prevalentes fueron Strongyloides stercoralis (22.1%) en el sector periurbano y Ancylostomideos (21.6%) en el área rural de Misiones. Hymenolepis nana y Ascaris lumbricoides mantuvieron bajas frecuencias en ambas provincias y Trichuris trichiura sólo se encontró en el periurbano de Buenos Aires. La prevalencia de geohelmintos aumentó con la edad (p < 0.05) y se asoció en el área periurbana de ambas provincias y rural de Misiones con las condiciones socioambientales: vivienda precaria, piso de tierra, eliminación de excretas en letrinas o a cielo abierto, sin recolección domiciliaria de residuos, madre sin actividad laboral, padres sin instrucción primaria (p < 0.05). Las características biogeográficas y las condiciones socioambientales de la provincia de Misiones favorecen la persistencia de las formas parasitarias en el ambiente.
A socio-environmental and parasitological study of children from urban, suburban and rural areas of the provinces of Buenos Aires and Misiones was carried out. An epidemiological interview was performed and serial fecal samples were analyzed by sedimentation and flotation techniques. Of the total fecal samples (1 893), 5.5% in Buenos Aires and 25.6% in Misiones were positive. The peri-urban area of Misiones showed the highest prevalence of total parasitosis (34.1%), and bi- and poli-parasitized patients (45.4%). The most prevalent species were Strongyloides stercoralis (22.1%) and hookworm (21.6%) in the suburban area and the rural area of Misiones respectively. Hymenolepis nana and Ascaris lumbricoides frequencies remained low in both provinces. Trichuris trichiura was present only in the suburban Buenos Aires area. The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths increased with age (p < 0.05) and it was associated in the peri-urban area of both provinces and the rural area of Misiones with socioenvironmental conditions: poor housing, dirt floor, latrines or open air defecation, non-household waste collection, unemployed mother, parents without primary education (p < 0.05). Biogeographical features and socioeconomic conditions in the province of Misiones favor the persistence of parasitic forms in the environment.
A socio-environmental and parasitological study of children from urban, suburban and rural areas of the provinces of Buenos Aires and Misiones was carried out. An epidemiological interview was performed and serial fecal samples were analyzed by sedimentation and flotation techniques. Of the total fecal samples (1 893), 5.5% in Buenos Aires and 25.6% in Misiones were positive. The peri-urban area of Misiones showed the highest prevalence of total parasitosis (34.1%), and bi- and poli-parasitized patients (45.4%). The most prevalent species were Strongyloides stercoralis (22.1%) and hookworm (21.6%) in the suburban area and the rural area of Misiones respectively. Hymenolepis nana and Ascaris lumbricoides frequencies remained low in both provinces. Trichuris trichiura was present only in the suburban Buenos Aires area. The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths increased with age (p < 0.05) and it was associated in the peri-urban area of both provinces and the rural area of Misiones with socioenvironmental conditions: poor housing, dirt floor, latrines or open air defecation, non-household waste collection, unemployed mother, parents without primary education (p < 0.05). Biogeographical features and socioeconomic conditions in the province of Misiones favor the persistence of parasitic forms in the environment.
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