La distancia entre cuerpos reales y cuerpos imaginados: Marcas corporales/emocionales en dos comunidades diaguitas del Valle de Choromoro (Argentina)

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02/2021
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Sapiens Research Group
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Boletín Sapiens Research
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2215-9312
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En este artículo se analizan las articulaciones entre los modos de acción estatales y de sectores privados indigenistas como políticas de los cuerpos/emociones al recrear representaciones y prácticas dominantes sobre colectivos subalternizados y sus posicionamientos ante estas, ambas encarnadas en sus prácticas diarias, condicionando sus subjetividades, autopercepciones y emociones. Dichas marcas corporales/emocionales son abordadas a partir de las teorías sociales y antropológicas del cuerpo/emoción. Los resultados son producto de una investigación etnográfica (2015 y septiembre del 2019), donde se resaltan cuatro momentos que reflejan distintas marcaciones fenotípicas y etnizadas en los y las comuneras de dos pueblos diaguitas: Los Chuschagasta y Pueblo Tolombón (valle de Choromoro, Tucumán, Argentina). Se identifica un primer momento de ocultamiento de la identidad indígena y de explotación corporalizadas como “indios brutos-animales” junto a emociones de vergüenza e inferioridad. El segundo, de visibilidad como “sujetos de derecho” junto a emociones de orgullo y seguridad de sentirse y vivir como indígenas sin ocultarse y disponiendo de sus territorios. Un tercer momento de agravamiento de los conflictos territoriales junto al incumplimiento de los derechos, traducidos en violencias y el regreso de prácticas corporales/emocionales de temor, nerviosismo e intranquilidad; y, por último, los posicionamientos de los y las chuschagastas y tolombones en tanto performances desafiando los modos de soportabilidad establecidos. El recorrido refleja que los modos de intervención en tanto políticas de los cuerpos/emociones reproducen, con sus variaciones, esta distancia entre los cuerpos reales y los imaginados, no sin ser cuestionados por los comuneros y comuneras.
This article analyzes the articulations between the state modes of action and those of indigenous private sectors as politics of the bodies/emotions by recreating representations and dominant practices on subalternized groups and their positions before them, both embodied in people, in their daily practices, conditioning their subjectivities, self-perceptions and emotions. Said corporal/emotional marks are approached from the social and anthropological theories of the body/emotion. The results are the product of an ethnographic investigation started in 2015, continued until September 2019, where I highlight four moments that reflect different phenotypic and ethnic markings in the people of two Diaguita communities: Los Chuschagasta and Pueblo Tolombón (Choromoro valley , Tucumán, Argentina). I identify a first moment of concealment of indigenous identity, exploitative practices and the incarnation of the "brute-animal Indian" along with emotions of shame and inferiority. The second, of visibility as "subjects of rights" together with emotions of pride and security of feeling and living as indigenous without hiding and having their territories. A third moment of aggravation of territorial conflicts together with the breach of rights, translated into violence and the return of physical/emotional practices of fear, nervousness and restlessness; and, lastly, the positioning of Los Chuschagastas and Tolombones as performances challenging the established modes of support. Politics of bodies/emotions that, through perceptions, highlight the differentiated distance between real bodies and socially legitimized image-bodies.
This article analyzes the articulations between the state modes of action and those of indigenous private sectors as politics of the bodies/emotions by recreating representations and dominant practices on subalternized groups and their positions before them, both embodied in people, in their daily practices, conditioning their subjectivities, self-perceptions and emotions. Said corporal/emotional marks are approached from the social and anthropological theories of the body/emotion. The results are the product of an ethnographic investigation started in 2015, continued until September 2019, where I highlight four moments that reflect different phenotypic and ethnic markings in the people of two Diaguita communities: Los Chuschagasta and Pueblo Tolombón (Choromoro valley , Tucumán, Argentina). I identify a first moment of concealment of indigenous identity, exploitative practices and the incarnation of the "brute-animal Indian" along with emotions of shame and inferiority. The second, of visibility as "subjects of rights" together with emotions of pride and security of feeling and living as indigenous without hiding and having their territories. A third moment of aggravation of territorial conflicts together with the breach of rights, translated into violence and the return of physical/emotional practices of fear, nervousness and restlessness; and, lastly, the positioning of Los Chuschagastas and Tolombones as performances challenging the established modes of support. Politics of bodies/emotions that, through perceptions, highlight the differentiated distance between real bodies and socially legitimized image-bodies.
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