Variación de la huella hídrica en procesos industriales según el alcance establecido para su cálculo: El caso de una embotelladora, una curtiembre y una cervecera de la provincia de Salta, Argentina
; Gutiérrez Cacciabue, Dolores 
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Fecha
12/2024
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Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero
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INNOVA UNTREF
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2618-1894
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La huella hídrica (HH) se utiliza para evaluar el uso del agua. Sin embargo, su cálculo depende del alcance otorgado. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: calcular la HHtotal de tres procesos industriales, evaluar la influencia de cada componente (azul, gris e indirecto) sobre la HHtotal y analizar cómo varía esta ante cambios en el alcance. Se cuantificó la HHtotal para tres procesos: agua embotellada, cuero y cerveza. La HHtotal se obtuvo como la suma de un aporte directo (agua dulce y agua para dilución de contaminantes) y otro indirecto (equipos, energía, materias primas). Seguidamente, se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad para evaluar la HHtotal al excluir del cálculo: la materia prima, la electricidad, y ambas. La HHindirecta fue la que más influyó sobre la total. La HHindirecta de la curtiembre y cervecera se redujo un 95%, al excluir la HH de la materia prima, sin afectar la del agua embotellada. Excluir la electricidad impactó solamente en la HH del agua embotellada. Al eliminar ambas, la HHdirecta fue la que más pesó. La definición del alcance para cada proceso impacta en la HHtotal y consecuentemente en la toma de decisiones respecto a un uso sustentable del agua de cada industria.
The water footprint (WF) is used to assess water use. However, its calculation depends on the scope established. The aims of this study were: to calculate the WFtotal of three industrial processes, to assess the inuence of each component (blue, grey, and indirect) on the WFtotal , and to analyze how the WF varies with changes in the scope. WFtotal was quantied for three processes: bottled water, leather, and beer. WFtotal was obtained as the sum of a direct (freshwater and water for pollutant dilution) and an indirect contribution (equipment, energy, and raw materials). A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the WF when excluding from its calculation: raw materials, electricity, and both. WFindirect was the one which weighted the most on the total. Excluding the WF from raw materials reduced the WFindirect of the leather and beer industries by 95%, without aecting the bottled water process. Excluding electricity only impacted the WF of bottled water. When both were excluded, the WFdirect became the most signicant. The denition of the scope for each process aects the WF and, consequently, the decision-making regarding sustainable water use by each industry.
The water footprint (WF) is used to assess water use. However, its calculation depends on the scope established. The aims of this study were: to calculate the WFtotal of three industrial processes, to assess the inuence of each component (blue, grey, and indirect) on the WFtotal , and to analyze how the WF varies with changes in the scope. WFtotal was quantied for three processes: bottled water, leather, and beer. WFtotal was obtained as the sum of a direct (freshwater and water for pollutant dilution) and an indirect contribution (equipment, energy, and raw materials). A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the WF when excluding from its calculation: raw materials, electricity, and both. WFindirect was the one which weighted the most on the total. Excluding the WF from raw materials reduced the WFindirect of the leather and beer industries by 95%, without aecting the bottled water process. Excluding electricity only impacted the WF of bottled water. When both were excluded, the WFdirect became the most signicant. The denition of the scope for each process aects the WF and, consequently, the decision-making regarding sustainable water use by each industry.
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