Periodontal status and mandibular biomechanics in rats subjected to hyposalivation and periodontitis
; Troncoso, Gaston Rodolfo ; Rodas, Julieta Agustina ; Astrauskas, Julia I. ; Bozzini, Clarisa ; Elverdin, Juan C. ; Fernández Solari, José Javier 
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Fecha
05/2024
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Sociedad Argentina de Investigación Odontológica
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Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana
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1852-4834
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La xerostomía surge como consecuencia de la hipofunción de las glándulas salivales y compromete seriamente la integridad de los tejidos orales duros y blandos, mientras que la periodontitis es una enfermedad infecciosa caracterizada por la acumulación de biofilm, inflamación y reabsorción ósea alveolar. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar los efectos deletéreos causados por la hiposalivación y la periodontitis experimental, y la combinación de ambas sobre los tejidos periodontales y la biomecánica mandibular en ratas. Materiales y Método: La hiposalivación (H) se indujo mediante una submandibulectomía bilateral. Por otra parte, la periodontitis (PE) se indujo mediante la inyección de LPS (1 mg/ml) en la encía de los primeros molares inferiores. Otro grupo se sometió a ambas condiciones (H+PE). La pérdida ósea alveolar se evaluó mediante tomografía microcomputarizada y análisis histomorfométrico, mientras que los mediadores inflamatorios gingivales fueron determinados mediante técnicas específicas. Se evaluaron las propiedades biomecánicas en la mandíbula. Resultados: La hiposalivación aumentó la pérdida ósea alveolar en comparación con el control de forma similar a la PE y H+PE. La actividad de las metaloproteinasas (MMP2 y MMP9) fue similar en los grupos H y control, pero resultó mayor en los grupos PE y H+PE (MMP2: C 9644±2214, PE 34441±3336, H 5818±1532, H+PE 42673±3184; MMP9: C 5792±961, PE 14807±861, H 9295±520, H+PE 24838±1531). El resto de los mediadores inflamatorios evaluados aumentaron en mayor o menor medida en los grupos H, PE y H+PE respecto al control, aunque en la mayoría de los casos fueron superiores en los grupos PE y H+PE respecto al grupo H. Sin embargo, las propiedades biomecánicas de la mandíbula aumentaron en el grupo H con respecto a los otros grupos. Conclusiones: Tanto la hiposalivación como la periodontitis causan daño periodontal, pero la hiposalivación también produce alteraciones biomecánicas, provocando efectos deletéreos más extensos que la periodontitis.
Xerostomia emerges as a consequence of salivary gland hypofunction, and seriously compromises the integrity of hard and soft oral tissues, while periodontitis is an infectious disease characterized by biofilm accumulation, inflammation and alveolar bone resorption. Aim: The aim this study was to compare the deleterious effects caused by experimental hyposalivation, periodontitis, and the combination of both on periodontal tissues and mandibular biomechanics in rats. Materials and method: Hyposalivation (group H) was induced through bilateral submandibulectomy. Periodontitis (group EP) was induced by injecting LPS (1 mg/ml) into the gingiva of the first lower molars. A third group was subjected to both conditions (group H+EP). Alveolar bone loss was evaluated by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analysis, and gingival inflammatory mediators were assessed by specific techniques. Biomechanical properties were evaluated in mandible. Results: Alveolar bone loss increased similarly in groups H, EP and H+EP compared to control. Metalloproteinase (MMP2 and MMP9) activity was similar in H and control, but higher in groups EP and H+EP. The rest of the inflammatory mediators evaluated increased in groups H, EP and H+EP to a greater or lesser extent with respect to the control, although in most cases, they were higher in groups EP and H+EP than in group H. The biomechanical properties of the mandible increased in group H compared to the other three groups. Conclusions: Both hyposalivation and periodontitis cause periodontal damage, but hyposalivation also produces biomechanical alterations, causing more extensive deleterious effects than periodontitis.
Xerostomia emerges as a consequence of salivary gland hypofunction, and seriously compromises the integrity of hard and soft oral tissues, while periodontitis is an infectious disease characterized by biofilm accumulation, inflammation and alveolar bone resorption. Aim: The aim this study was to compare the deleterious effects caused by experimental hyposalivation, periodontitis, and the combination of both on periodontal tissues and mandibular biomechanics in rats. Materials and method: Hyposalivation (group H) was induced through bilateral submandibulectomy. Periodontitis (group EP) was induced by injecting LPS (1 mg/ml) into the gingiva of the first lower molars. A third group was subjected to both conditions (group H+EP). Alveolar bone loss was evaluated by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analysis, and gingival inflammatory mediators were assessed by specific techniques. Biomechanical properties were evaluated in mandible. Results: Alveolar bone loss increased similarly in groups H, EP and H+EP compared to control. Metalloproteinase (MMP2 and MMP9) activity was similar in H and control, but higher in groups EP and H+EP. The rest of the inflammatory mediators evaluated increased in groups H, EP and H+EP to a greater or lesser extent with respect to the control, although in most cases, they were higher in groups EP and H+EP than in group H. The biomechanical properties of the mandible increased in group H compared to the other three groups. Conclusions: Both hyposalivation and periodontitis cause periodontal damage, but hyposalivation also produces biomechanical alterations, causing more extensive deleterious effects than periodontitis.
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