Regionalização para a gestão integrada dos resíduos sólidos urbanos: avanços e desafios para a sustentabilidade em consórcios públicos operantes no Brasil e na Argentina
; Levatino, Maria Belen 
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Fecha
2020-12-06
Editorial
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Revista
Revista AIDIS de Ingeniería y Ciencias Ambientales
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0718-378X
eISSN
0718-378X
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Español
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Resumen
Em países da América Latina, os atuais modelos de gestão adotados pelos municípios, principalmente os de pequeno porte, com sua atuação de forma individualizada, têm apresentado dificuldades para promover o adequado gerenciamento dos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU). No Brasil e na Argentina, apesar das melhorias alcançadas decorrentes da implementação das Estratégias e Políticas Nacionais, lixões e aterros controlados estão presentes na maioria de seus municípios, correspondendo a 41% e 49% do volume coletado, respectivamente (ABRELPE, 2016; MAyDS, 2016). Objetivando os ganhos de escala e a minimização dos impactos ambientais, a regionalização da gestão dos resíduos através da formação dos consórcios intermunicipais é incentivada em ambos os países. No Brasil, pela Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, Lei 12305/2010 e, na Argentina pela Lei Nacional 25916/2004 e Estratégia Nacional para a Gestão Integrada dos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos de 2005. O estudo objetivou analisar a gestão dos RSU em dois consórcios intermunicipais operantes no tratamento e na disposição final dos resíduos no Brasil e na Argentina, avaliando os fatores que conduzem aos diferentes avanços e desafios para a sustentabilidade em seus municípios. Para isso foram realizadas entrevistas presenciais com os gestores dos consórcios e aplicação de questionários aos gestores municipais, utilizando as diretrizes das normativas ambientais e indicadores de desempenho para análise dos dados. Os resultados revelaram que os consórcios têm solucionado os problemas da disposição inadequada dos RSU através do compartilhamento dos aterros sanitários regionais. Contudo seus municípios ainda possuem desafios para o alcance da sustentabilidade na gestão dos resíduos, sobretudo nas dimensões ambiental, tecnológica e social.
In Latin American countries, the current management models adopted by municipalities, especially those of small size, with their individualized performance, have presented difficulties to promote the adequate management of Urban Solid Waste (USW). In Brazil and Argentina, despite improvements achieved through the implementation of the National Strategies and Policies, dumps and controlled landfills are present in most of their municipalities, corresponding to 41% and 49% of the volume collected, respectively (ABRELPE, 2016; MAyDS, 2016). With a view to achieving economies of scale and minimizing environmental impacts, the regionalization of waste management through the formation of inter‐municipal consortia is encouraged in both countries. In Brazil, by the National Solid Waste Policy, Law 12305/2010 and, in Argentina by National Law 25916/2004 and National Strategy for Integrated Management of Urban Solid Waste 2005. The study aimed to analyze USW management in two intermunicipal consortia operating in the treatment and final waste disposal in Brazil and Argentina, evaluating the factors that lead to the different advances and challenges for sustainability in their municipalities. In order to do this, face‐to‐face interviews were carried out with the managers of the consortia and questionnaires were applied to municipal managers, using the guidelines of environmental regulations and performance indicators for data analysis. The results revealed that the consortia have solved the problems of inadequate disposal of USW through the sharing of regional landfills. However, its municipalities still face challenges in achieving sustainability in waste management, especially in the environmental, technological and social dimensions.
In Latin American countries, the current management models adopted by municipalities, especially those of small size, with their individualized performance, have presented difficulties to promote the adequate management of Urban Solid Waste (USW). In Brazil and Argentina, despite improvements achieved through the implementation of the National Strategies and Policies, dumps and controlled landfills are present in most of their municipalities, corresponding to 41% and 49% of the volume collected, respectively (ABRELPE, 2016; MAyDS, 2016). With a view to achieving economies of scale and minimizing environmental impacts, the regionalization of waste management through the formation of inter‐municipal consortia is encouraged in both countries. In Brazil, by the National Solid Waste Policy, Law 12305/2010 and, in Argentina by National Law 25916/2004 and National Strategy for Integrated Management of Urban Solid Waste 2005. The study aimed to analyze USW management in two intermunicipal consortia operating in the treatment and final waste disposal in Brazil and Argentina, evaluating the factors that lead to the different advances and challenges for sustainability in their municipalities. In order to do this, face‐to‐face interviews were carried out with the managers of the consortia and questionnaires were applied to municipal managers, using the guidelines of environmental regulations and performance indicators for data analysis. The results revealed that the consortia have solved the problems of inadequate disposal of USW through the sharing of regional landfills. However, its municipalities still face challenges in achieving sustainability in waste management, especially in the environmental, technological and social dimensions.
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