Current applications of biomolecules in biomedical engineering

Abstract

This chapter discusses the various types of biomolecules and their roles in the structure and function of living organisms. Biomolecules can be classified into five categories: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and nucleic acids. Each of these categories of biomolecules is formed by the chaining of monomers that are joined together by characteristic bonds. The chapter also explains the four generations of biomaterials and their unique properties such as bioactivity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Modification or functionalization of synthetic biomaterials with different bioactive molecules is of great interest as it provides them with unique biological activities. Biopolymers such as collagen, fibrin, and growth factors, as well as plant-based biomolecules such as cellulose, pectin, and alginate, can be used in several biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, medical regeneration, and drug delivery. The chapter aims to analyze the influence and importance of biomolecules in biomedical engineering and how they can be applied to take advantage of their properties.