Representación espacial de la oferta y la demanda de los servicios ecosistémicos vinculados al agua
; Pascual, Miguel Alberto
; Barral, María Paula
; Poca, María
; García Silva, Leandro ; Oddi, Jorgelina ; Castellanos Garcia, George
; Clavijo Lara, Araceli Maria
; Diaz, Boris Gastón ; Villagra, Pablo Eugenio 
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Fecha
04/2022
Editorial
Asociación Argentina de Ecología
Revista
Ecología Austral
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ISSN
0327-5477
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Español
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Resumen
El agua media o protagoniza muchas de las contribuciones de la naturaleza a los seres humanos. Este artículo explora y ejemplifica la representación espacial de la oferta y la demanda de servicios ecosistémicos relacionados con el agua y su aplicación a distintas necesidades de la gestión y la política ambiental, con particular foco en la Argentina. La oferta de estos servicios se puede mapear combinando distintas fuentes de información geográfica y satelital apoyada en protocolos o modelos preestablecidos. Su demanda, aun para servicios de gran subjetividad como los culturales, puede mapearse aprovechando bases de datos públicas de fotografías o redes sociales. Para representar el vínculo entre oferta y demanda se requieren abstracciones o distorsiones del espacio. Una posibilidad es discretizar el territorio en sectores y generar una matriz de intercambio de múltiples servicios entre ellos. Otra es el análisis continuo de la producción y el consumo de servicios a lo largo de las cuencas. La representación del transporte de ‘agua virtual’ asociado al intercambio de productos puede relacionarse al flujo de servicios ecosistémicos hídricos sólo si se distinguen las fuentes de agua involucradas (e.g., lluvia o ‘agua verde’ vs. riego o ‘agua azul’ para productos agropecuarios) y su valoración en los contextos de origen y destino. Cada representación se adapta a diferentes situaciones de gestión. Los mapas son valiosos para el ordenamiento territorial. Las matrices de intercambio entre sectores del territorio son indicadas para explorar conflictos y oportunidades de acuerdos. La representación continua de servicios de provisión y regulación en cuencas es útil para evaluar intervenciones hidráulicas o verdes. Finalmente, los análisis del intercambio de agua virtual entre países constituyen una valiosa pieza para negociaciones internacionales. La representación de los servicios ecosistémicos relacionados con el agua es un pilar de la gobernanza de la naturaleza idealmente construido por científicos y decisores en conjunto.
Many of the contributions of nature to people are embodied or mediated by water. This article explores and exemplifies the spatial representation of the supply and demand of ecosystem services related to water and its application to the different needs of environmental management and policy, with particular focus in the Argentine case. The supply of these services can be mapped by combining different sources of geographic and satellite information supported by pre-established protocols or models. Their demand, even for highly subjective services such as the cultural ones, can be mapped using public photo databases or social networks. Representing supplydemand links often requires spatial abstractions or distortions. One possibility is to discretize the territory into sections and generate an exchange matrix for multiple services among them. Another one is the continuous quantification of the production and consumption of services along watersheds. Representations of ‘virtual water’ transport associated with the exchange of products can be related to the flow of water-related ecosystem services only if the water sources involved are distinguished (e.g., rain or ‘green water’ vs. irrigation or ‘blue water’ for agricultural products) and valued according to the context of the origin and destination. Each spatial representation is better adapted to different environmental management situations. Maps are valuable for land use planning. Exchange matrices are suggested to explore conflicts and cooperation opportunities. Continuous representations of watersheds are useful for evaluating hydraulic or green interventions. Finally, the analyses of virtual water exchange between countries constitutes a valuable element for international negotiations. The representation of water-related ecosystem services is a pillar of nature governance, ideally co-constructed by scientists and decision makers.
Many of the contributions of nature to people are embodied or mediated by water. This article explores and exemplifies the spatial representation of the supply and demand of ecosystem services related to water and its application to the different needs of environmental management and policy, with particular focus in the Argentine case. The supply of these services can be mapped by combining different sources of geographic and satellite information supported by pre-established protocols or models. Their demand, even for highly subjective services such as the cultural ones, can be mapped using public photo databases or social networks. Representing supplydemand links often requires spatial abstractions or distortions. One possibility is to discretize the territory into sections and generate an exchange matrix for multiple services among them. Another one is the continuous quantification of the production and consumption of services along watersheds. Representations of ‘virtual water’ transport associated with the exchange of products can be related to the flow of water-related ecosystem services only if the water sources involved are distinguished (e.g., rain or ‘green water’ vs. irrigation or ‘blue water’ for agricultural products) and valued according to the context of the origin and destination. Each spatial representation is better adapted to different environmental management situations. Maps are valuable for land use planning. Exchange matrices are suggested to explore conflicts and cooperation opportunities. Continuous representations of watersheds are useful for evaluating hydraulic or green interventions. Finally, the analyses of virtual water exchange between countries constitutes a valuable element for international negotiations. The representation of water-related ecosystem services is a pillar of nature governance, ideally co-constructed by scientists and decision makers.
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